Happy hump day, friends. We’re rounding out earnings season with what we hope is the final major batch of disclosures — including Al Arabia, MBC Group, Derayah Financial, and others — as we also look at the industrial production index. While the index might be down y-o-y, taking a step back shows that we’re on an upward trajectory as the September reading is (literally) not half as bad as August’s.
Worth your time this morning is our lead story in the news well, which dives into how Saudi Arabia has written an explicit carveout for AI training into its copyright law, putting it in a small group with Japan, the EU, and Singapore. Who benefits? Anyone building Arabic-language models in the Kingdom rather than licensing them from abroad.
And while we’re on AI: Humain has taken its second state check in a week, this time from the National Infrastructure Fund to cover chips and the transmission to run them.

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Beyond equity
The Public Investment Fund (PIF) is looking into tapping future income from its portfolio companies to raise funds, with securitization among the options being considered, Reuters reports, citing sources familiar with the matter. The approach would allow PIF to raise funds from investors against its companies’ expected revenue instead of relying on fresh capital injections. No potential transactions, companies, or amounts have been identified, and PIF has not confirmed any securitization plans.
The backdrop: Gulf IPO activity has been slower this year, and Jefferies flagged tighter liquidity at Saudi banks last month. Those conditions could encourage the fund to widen its funding options, one source said. Stake sales haven’t been straightforward either — differences over pricing and control have emerged as obstacles in early talks with potential investors in some PIF companies, two of the sources told the newswire.
Part of a wider mix: Earlier this month, PIF secured USD 3 bn in financing backed by Italy’s export credit agency Sace and sold 49% of AI company Humain to Aramco, which will put SAR 9.9 bn into the business this year. In September, it completed a 70% stake sale in Al Hilal to Kingdom Holding for SAR 840 mn.
REMEMBER- PIF’s 2026-2030 strategy calls for a larger role for outside investors as its holdings mature. If confirmed, the latest discussions suggest the fund is exploring additional ways to put that approach into practice.
A Saudi-Pakistan PE fund
A new Saudi-Pakistan private equity fund will put three-quarters of its money into Pakistani projects and the rest into Saudi ones, Reuters reports, citing a statement by the Saudi-Pakistan Joint Business Council. The council launched the fund on Monday, putting its initial size in the several hundreds of mns — without disclosing the currency — and expects it to grow.
The fund adds a private-sector investment channel to a relationship already underpinned by Saudi financing and energy cooperation. Islamabad approved a tax-neutral bonded policy that would let Saudi companies hold commercial crude reserves in Pakistan with no local tax. The two countries also completed the ratification of their defense pact. Riyadh has also extended significant financial support to Islamabad in recent months, including a USD 3 bn loan in April and a three-year extension on a USD 5 bn deposit at its central bank that together equal about 38% of Pakistan’s foreign reserves.
Selling off the damage
The Gulf shipping crisis is throwing up unusual workarounds, like the UAE selling Saudi crude off a damaged tanker. Abu Dhabi has offered around 1.87 mn bbl of Saudi Arab Light from the Gem No. 2, a supertanker struck by an unidentified projectile off the UAE coast last month, and from which a leak was stopped in late October, Reuters reports, citing trade sources and a tender document.
The crude is moving via ship-to-ship transfer, loading between 10 and 20 November, on terms close to Adnoc’s — a source told the newswire that Aramco authorized the UAE to sell it on its behalf, a rare arrangement.
Bob and weave: It is a small but telling sign of how Gulf producers are finding alternative ways to move barrels as attacks on commercial shipping around Hormuz raise freight costs and security risks. Both Saudi Arabia and the UAE have offered buyers freight discounts to keep exports competitive.
For the long game, Saudi Arabia is working to widen its export routes to avoid such threats, with Aramco carrying out engineering work to expand its East-West Pipeline and studying fourth and fifth crude-export corridors on top of the three it already uses. The company plans to maximize oil production in 4Q as it looks to regain market share lost during the conflict.
War Watch
Saudi air defenses intercepted a ballistic missile and a cruise missile launched toward Riyadh, a second ballistic missile aimed at the southern region, and a drone over the eastern region, the Saudi-led coalition said. This came after the Houthis claimed attacks on Aramco’s Abqaiq facility and the King Abdullah Financial District, as well as strikes on Saudi troop concentrations in Al Mudarribah and Ras Al Arah.
Conflicting claims over new East-West pipeline strikes: Saudi Arabia reported that the pipeline was struck in the Medina region, causing a limited fire that was extinguished, with no fatalities or injuries and no effect on operations. Houthi spokesman Yahya Saree called that account a “blatant and enormous lie,” saying the Houthis hit the pipeline in Riyadh, not Medina.
Saudi strikes on Houthis continue: Saree said on X yesterday that the Saudi Air Force carried out 109 airstrikes and missile attacks over the past 24 hours, targeting Sanaa, Marib, Saada, Taiz, Lahj, Amran, and Al Jawf. These strikes bring the total since the escalation began to nearly 4.7k, Saree added.
ICYMI- The coalition destroyed three Houthi sites used to build ballistic missiles: a factory assembling missile components, a chemical plant mixing solid fuel, and a workshop for electronic systems.
LIVin’ ain’t easy
Liv Golf filed a Chapter 11 plan in a New Jersey court yesterday, months after the Public Investment Fund (PIF) wound down its funding. The plan sets out a path to close Liv in an orderly way. Alongside the Chapter 11 plan, Liv Golf proposed holding a final hearing on its disclosure statement on 7 January, which would start the liquidation process, The Associated Press reports.
Liv Golf believes a restructuring is no longer possible. The league pointed to a lack of player participation and BC Partners’ decision to terminate the restructuring support agreement, according to a summary of its bankruptcy plan. Liv Golf laid off 289 staff and furloughed another 22 about a week before it filed for bankruptcy, according to AP. Liv chief executive Scott O'Neil told the Financial Times that the league would need another five to 10 years to turn profitable.
The PIF was done throwing bns of USD at LIV Golf in May, pulling the plug on the breakaway golf league it bankrolled for four years, telling players and staff that funding will stop after the 2026 season wraps up. The fund said “the substantial investment required by Liv Golf over a longer term is no longer consistent with the current phase of PIF’s investment strategy.”
PIF still needs to resolve its remaining commitments: A group of Liv golfers is pushing for severance over unpaid contracts. More than 10 players are trying to negotiate with PIF over contracts worth more than USD 100 mn. PIF sees itself as an equity investor that has stopped investing and is not in talks with players or their counsel. It initially offered players 2 cents on the USD to settle the unpaid contracts.
Data point
22.36 mn tonnes — that’s how much cargo Saudi Arabia’s ports handled in October, down 11.7% y-o-y from 25.32 mn tonnes a year earlier, Saudi Ports Authority (Mawani) said in a statement. Container throughput, however, rose 14% to more than 866k TEUs, with outbound containers up 4.8% and inbound containers up 8.5%. Livestock shipments also climbed 31%, while vessel calls declined 9.6% and passenger numbers fell 9%.
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The big story abroad
China’s trade surplus broke the USD 1 tn mark for the second straight year. The country’s surplus hit USD 1.04 tn over the first 10 months of the year, keeping it on track to top last year’s all-time high of USD 1.2 tn. October exports rose 35.2% from a year earlier, with chips and cars powering this year’s gains, even as Beijing faces growing calls to bring its trade into better balance.
Slovakia calls Germany’s Ukraine-for-budget ultimatum a “textbook case of blackmail.” Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Bulgaria are resisting Berlin’s push to make new Ukraine aid a condition for signing off on the EU’s next long-term budget. Slovakia has threatened to use its veto. Kyiv faces a EUR 70 bn funding gap next year, and Brussels has pledged to cover about EUR 45 bn of it, with a new round of joint EU debt emerging as the leading option.
AI’s power hunger has firms hunting for used turbines and retired jet engines. Wait times for expensive new gas turbines now run into the next decade, pushing utilities, developers, and companies rushing to supply electricity to AI data centers to scour global markets for used units, bring idle machines back into service, and repurpose decommissioned jet engines, Reuters reported yesterday. Appetite for power-intensive data centers keeps climbing even as concerns about AI’s dangers grow and the recent sell-off of related shares, which leaves turbines and other key power equipment in short supply.


