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Egypt mulls flexible gas pricing to shield the state from wartime import shocks

1

WHAT WE’RE TRACKING TODAY

Gov’t bumps minimum wage starting July

Good morning, friends. You may want to head out the door a little earlier than usual if you want to get to the office on time, as we anticipate, in typical Cairo fashion, that the streets will be soaked after a night of heavy rain.

Due to heavy rain, schools across Cairo, Giza, and 13 other governorates are taking the day off, and tests at schools across the nation have been postponed, according to an overnight decision by the Education Ministry.

BEFORE WE DIVE IN- The roads will be quieter than usual at the start of next week and on every following Sunday of the month, as both the public and private sector — apart from a few exceptions — will be working from home to help ease the strain on energy supplies by cutting down on consumption.

We want to hear from you about what your companies have done to prepare, how the first day at home goes, what you will do differently the second time around, and how you think the month-long decision will affect your business. Drop us an email at editorial@enterprisemea.com.

***

WISH THIS MORNING’S ISSUE was a podcast? We’ve got you. Tap or click here to listen to Morning Drive, a 10-minute version of today’s issue crafted for you to enjoy with your morning coffee, while getting the kids ready for school, or while stomping around the house wondering where the [redacted] you left your [redacted] reading glasses.***

Watch this space

WAGES — It’s official: Minimum wage is rising to EGP 8k. The public sector minimum wage will rise by EGP 1k to EGP 8k starting in July, according to a Finance Ministry statement. The ministry also announced a EGP 750 monthly bonus for all public employees and additional salary bumps and bonuses for those in the healthcare and education sectors.

We knew this was coming: Government officials told EnterpriseAM about the move early last month.

How much is it costing us? The minimum wage hike will cost the state budget some EGP 100 bn, Finance Minister Ahmed Kouchouk said. A senior government official toldus last month that the public sector wage budget is expected to come in at around EGP 750 bn for the upcoming fiscal year, crossing the EGP 700 bn mark for the first time.


AVIATION — Airport passenger traffic continued to increase in March despite the war, with footfall across airports managed by the Egyptian Airport Company (ECA) rising 7.8% y-o-y to 2.2 mn, according to a cabinet statement. Traffic through these airports — which include the vast majority of large airports with the notable exception of Cairo International Airport — usually represents around half of total aviation footfall and is centered around the coastal tourism hubs of Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh.

This follows a 15% y-o-y increase in passenger numbers to 4.6 mn in the first two months of the year amid an uptick in tourism, suggesting that the war has had an impact, albeit limited. But considering the number of flight cancellations to and from the Gulf, this suggests that tourists from all around the world were seemingly undeterred from their travel plans.

The pattern also seems to hold for Cairo International Airport, up 10.2% y-o-y to 1.7 mn passengers, according to data from OAG.

The uptick in passenger volumes was driven by a rise in capacity over the quarter, with EasyJet adding 20k additional seats and Wizzair adding 45k, Midas Aviation Partner John Grant tells EnterpriseAM. This was mirrored by a greater capacity increase from local operators, with EgyptAir adding 130k seats and NileAir adding over 70k, he added.

Looking ahead: Not turning up to a flight for a holiday you’ve already paid for — and the cost of changing flight dates post-Covid, a fact that we’re sure many of our readers have learnt the hard way — is one thing, but choosing to go to Spain or elsewhere for late winter sun over Egypt is another thing entirely. Hotel operators we previously spoke to said this is when we could see the war in the region start to impact tourism appetite for Egypt.


IPO — State-owned El Nasr Mining applied to list its shares on the EGX, according to a statement (pdf) from the bourse. The request is currently under review by the exchange before being referred to the listing committee for a final decision.

The move is the latest in a push to temporarily list 20 companies by the end of the month to prepare them for offerings as the state targets USD 3-4 bn in immediate inflows by year-end. The strategy aims to convince the IMF of sufficient divestment progress to clear the path for the final two reviews of our program.


TECHNOLOGY — The county’s first fully locally designed and produced high-speed router will soon begin production, with the company with the chosen prototype to be announced soon, Information Technology Industry Development Agency CEO Ahmed El Zaher tells EnterpriseAM. Preparations are already underway to begin manufacturing, he added.

Why this matters: The initiative under the Egypt Makes Electronics umbrella is looking to meet local market needs, reduce dependence on imports, enhance local added value, and support the country’s ambitions of becoming a regional hub for the electronics industry.

** DID YOU KNOW that we cover Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and the MENA-IndiaCorridor?

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Happening today

Will today mark the official pause of the central bank’s easing cycle? In a few hours’ time, the Central Bank of Egypt’s Monetary Policy Committee will meet to decide on interest rates as wartime pressures and an expected uptick in inflation force a major rethink of monetary policy.

A majority of analysts polled by EnterpriseAM forecast a hold, with 11 of the 14 respondents telling us that the deposit rate will remain at 19.00% and the lending rate at 20.00%. Two see a potential 100 bps hike as a preemptive move against inflation, and one remains split. Not a single respondent expects the CBE to continue its easing cycle.

IN ANTICIPATION- After sinking to fresh official lows earlier this week, the EGP rallied against the greenback yesterday, gaining almost EGP 1. Anticipation of the central bank’s policy meeting later today likely fueled the currency’s rebound. The USD ended yesterday at EGP 53.57-53.67 in state-owned banks.

Watch this space: We’ll be closely watching how the exchange rate fluctuates throughout the day and on Sunday, the first day of trading after the CBE’s Monetary Policy Committee announces its rate decision.

Data point

15.1% — that’s how much the value of engineering exports increased in the first two months of the year, coming in at USD 1.2 bn, the Engineering Export Council of Egypt said in a statement. February alone saw a 37.6% increase in their value.

But the real test for the country’s efforts will come in the months following the start of the war on Iran, with rising energy prices and supply chain disruptions adding pressure on exports.



PSA-

Lights to stay on longer during Coptic Easter: Operating hours for commercial venues will be extended from 9pm to 11pm between Friday, 10 April, and Monday, 13 April, coinciding with Coptic Easter, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly said during his weekly presser.

WEATHER- After a night of heavy rain, we’re in for a dry but cooler day in Cairo today, with a high of 25°C and a low of 15°C, according to our favorite weather app.

It’s also still dry and cooler in Alexandria, with a high of 21°C and a low of 11°C.

And over the weekend, expect to see sunny skies and temperatures hovering around the mid-20s in the capital and on the Mediterranean.

The big story abroad

The US is “very close” to ending the war on Iran — that’s the main takeaway from US President Donald Trump’s address early this morning. While we were expecting some grand announcement — a ceasefire agreement or a ground invasion — the speech didn’t provide any of that.

Trump shifted his tone regarding reopening the Strait of Hormuz, downplaying Washington’s role. Instead, he said, the operation should be led by countries that — unlike the US — rely heavily on the strait for oil imports, adding that the waterway will “open up naturally” after the war ends. This runs counter to Trump’s call on NATO allies to help Washington revive traffic in the waterway last month.

Trump also reiterated his timeline of continuing strikes on Iran for the next two to three weeks, threatening to target its energy infrastructure if “there’s no deal.” He also thanked US allies in the region — including Saudi Arabia and the UAE — and vowed that Washington would “not let them get hurt.”

Market reax: Oil and equities tumbled following the speech, which investors hoped would bring news of a de-escalation. Following the speech, Brent crude futures rose 5% to USD 106.42, and Asian markets opened in the red, with Japan’s Nikkei and South Korea’s Kospi looking at steep losses. Wall Street is also looking at a volatile day of trading, with futures down.

Apart from Trump’s address, space is a big theme on the front pages this morning. Elon Musk’s SpaceX has confidentially filed for an IPO, which could value the firm at above USD 1.75 tn, sources close to the matter told Bloomberg. A confidential filing allows the satellite and AI company to seek feedback from the Securities and Exchange Commission and make changes before any information goes public.

To infinity and beyond: NASA’s first crewed mission to the moon in more than 50 years tookoff yesterday. The Artemis II launched from Florida and will take four astronauts around the side of the moon — the furthest humans have ever traveled from Earth. The move signals that Washington aims to cement its leadership in space exploration amid tough competition from China.

A year defined by ambition, energy, and global connection.

From elite performance to community-driven experiences, we continue to shape environments where sport goes beyond competition.

Creating moments that inspire, connect, and endure at Somabay.

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The Big Story Today

Is the war bringing an end to fixed energy subsidies for Egyptian industry?

It looks like fertilizer manufacturers won't be the only ones that could soon see gas prices rise in tandem with their export values. The government is mulling a flexible, phased pricing structure for natural gas across several sectors, aiming to cushion the state from rising energy import bills while maintaining viable margins for the industrial sector, three government officials tell EnterpriseAM.

REMEMBER- A government decision is in the works to price natural gas sent to fertilizer producers based on fluctuations in the international going rate for fertilizers, Chemical and Fertilizers Export Council Chairman Khaled Abu Al Makarem told us earlier this week. Sharing the expense is intended to strike a balance between production costs and export returns, as Egyptian export prices have risen by around USD 125 per ton to USD 610-625.

Why this matters: While an immediate reaction to the war on Iran, the shift to a flexible, market-linked pricing model could signal the start of a much larger — and permanent — industry change. For decades, fixed energy subsidies have been the basis on which Egyptian industry has operated and planned for the future.

But this won’t apply to all sectors, with the food industry and other producers of essential goods likely to have their gas bill remain the same. With inflation for many of these goods already rising, the state seems willing to shoulder the increased energy costs to try to keep inflation in check and production at sufficient levels. The ceramics sector is also likely to see prices remain the same due to a growing inventory backlog — at least until there’s greater clarity in the market.

AND- Some energy-intensive sectors are set to have fixed increases of around USD 1 per mmbtu, including cement and iron and steel production. Cement producers may also be pushed to raise their use of alternative fuels from 10% to somewhere between 20-25%, we’re told.

BY THE NUMBERS- The industrial sector consumes around 2.1 bcf/d, with energy-intensive industries accounting for roughly 40% of total industrial gas demand.

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Economy

The taxman giveth, and the lenders taketh away

Egypt’s fiscal performance showed a modest improvement during the first eight months of the current fiscal year, with the budget deficit narrowing to 4.6% of GDP — a 0.2 percentage point decrease from the same period last year, according to a report from the Finance Ministry seen by EnterpriseAM. Driving the deficit reduction was a near-doubling of the primary surplus to EGP 656.8 bn — equivalent to 3.1% of GDP.

The ministry attributed the stronger performance to a 39.7% increase in total revenues to EGP 2.0 tn, driven primarily by a 31.0% rise in tax receipts to EGP 1.6 tn following the implementation of the first package of tax facilitations. Non-tax revenues also more than doubled to EGP 400.8 bn during the period.

But rising debt servicing costs continued to absorb much of the improvement, with interest payments climbing to EGP 1.6 tn — the same amount raised from total tax revenues. Expenditures rose at a slower 28% pace than revenues to reach a nonetheless larger EGP 2.9 tn.

Why this matters: While the 3.1% primary surplus points to ongoing fiscal consolidation, the fact that interest payments continue to absorb 100% of tax revenues highlights a key structural challenge. Sustaining the improvement will hinge on the government’s ability to maintain revenue momentum while managing elevated interest rates.

4

Industry

Steel duties stick despite industry lobbying

Anti-dumping duties on imported billet and steel sheets are here to stay, with the Investment Ministry giving the thumbs up to extending its previous September decision to run for a total of three years, according to a ministry statement. The decision to tariff imports on cold-rolled, hot-rolled, galvanized, and pre-painted steel is a boost to local producers, but downstream industries oppose the decision due to the increased input costs by cutting off cheaper imported alternatives.

REMEMBER- EnterpriseAM reported exclusively last month that the decision was in the cards, despite manufacturers lobbying the government to rethink its decision.

Why this matters: An investigation by the ministry’s Trade Remedies Sector found that a recent uptick in these exports has significantly harmed the local industry, leading to lower sales, companies entering the red, and capacity at local producers being left unutilized. Maintaining the duties will give the sector room to grow as new billet production licenses are offered up, a government official tells EnterpriseAM.

Pressure from the duties will ease over the three years, with tariffs on cold-rolled steel falling throughout the three-year period from 13.7% to 12.5% alongside a reduction in the minimum cost per ton. Galvanized steel sheets will likewise see charges fall 14% to 13%, and pre-painted sheets from 14.5% to 13.5%, with similar decreases for the minimum cost per ton.

But products with no locally available alternative will be exempt, including antibacterial-coated steel sheets, galvanized sheets coated with plastics such as PET or VCM, and sheets coated with Plastisol protection layers of at least 200 microns. Also exempt are steel sheets coated with silicon-aluminum or zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloys under specific technical specifications, in addition to full hard, non-annealed cold-rolled coils, steel sheets with special dimensions, and galvanized sheets with zinc coatings of 450 or 600 grams per square meter.

Not everyone is happy with the decision, with Chamber of Commerce head and El Ashry Steel Chairman Ayman El Ashry telling us that it will push prices significantly higher and disrupt the market because local production can’t meet local demand. The decision also comes on top of a depreciating EGP, rising shipping costs, and import price increases that are already squeezing margins, he added.

The impact will be felt by all manufacturing industries, and consumers too, warns Chamber of Engineering Industries Chairman Mohamed El Mohandes in comments to EnterpriseAM. In addition to limited local supply, much of the domestic production does not meet the export-quality standards that some producers need for products like household appliances and electrical equipment, which in turn drives up prices for finished foods, he added.

DATA POINT- Imports of the targeted products add USD 1 bn to annual FX outflows through the import of 1 mn tons a year, our source told us. Between 2021 and 2024, billets imports increased 1213%, hot-rolled sheets 116%, and cold-rolled, colored, and galvanized sheets by 86%.

What’s next? Producers are putting together an urgent memorandum to the ministry outlining the negative effects of the decision on the steel industry, especially as new billet licenses are yet to be allocated, El Ashry tells us.

AND- A similar decision was also taken by the ministry to impose five-year anti-dumping duties on Vietnamese bus and truck tires. The move comes alongside a push to localize the auto feeder industry, including Chinese tiremaker Sailun Group’s USD 1 bn automotive tire plant that is set to come online this year and produce 600k truck and bus tires annually.

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Also on our Radar

Citystars, Park St., Sky Innovo partner on USD 1.9 bn project

Citystars, Park St., Sky Innovo roll out EGP 100 bn megaproject in New Cairo

Citystars and Park St. launched a EGP 100 bn mixed-use development in New Cairo — called Citystars Park St. — in partnership with Sky Innovo Developments, according to a statement (pdf) from Sky Innovo. The USD 1.9 bn, 140k sqm development will feature office spaces and hospitality services managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, as well as a retail area.

EBRD considers financing Amea Power energy storage rollout

EBRD mulls funding Amea Power projects in Egypt: The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is mulling lending USD 223.5 mn to Emirati renewables player Amea Power to build 750 MW/1.5 GWh of battery storage capacity, split between two loans. The first one is for a 500 MW/1 GWh battery energy storage system in Benban at a cost of USD 162.5 mn, while the second is for a smaller 250 MW/500 MWh unit in Zafarana at a cost of USD 61.0 mn.

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PLANET FINANCE

How the war is rewiring MENA VC -Magnitt

The MENA venture capital (VC) landscape is entering a period of adjustment as geopolitical volatility begins to reshape investor behavior. One month into the ongoing regional conflict and shifting macro conditions, a Magnitt report seen by EnterpriseAM indicates that while headline funding has yet to reflect recent volatility, underlying capital dynamics are starting to shift — with knock-on effects likely to surface in the months ahead.

This adjustment is driven by macro movements. Volatile oil prices (which briefly crested USD 100 per barrel) and inflation raise capital costs, while shifting interest rate expectations tighten global liquidity and heightened risk perception slows international deployment. Disruptions also stem from travel constraints that hinder in-person closings and fiscal shifts that increase sovereign selectivity.

The cascading effect

Reliance on international capital is the primary vulnerability. Foreign investors accounted for 49% of total MENA funding in 2025 and are historically the first to withdraw during shocks. This exposure is most acute in the UAE, where international participation reached 78%, compared to 29% in Saudi Arabia.

This is most pronounced during the growth stage, when international investors provided 69% of Series A and 51% of Series B+ funding in 2025, leaving larger rounds more exposed to changes in deployment pace.

Earlier stages also face risks as uncertainty causes investors to concentrate capital on existing portfolios. With only 7.3% of MENA startups historically advancing from early-stage to Series A, tightened conditions could weaken the long-term pipeline of high-growth companies within 6-18 months.

Exits could also see delays: Because nearly a quarter of MENA’s venture exits involve international buyers, the region may face a liquidity bottleneck as global risk appetite cools. As IPO windows are pushed back and M&A timelines lengthen, the resulting delay in capital recycling threatens to create a “self-reinforcing venture slowdown,” where weaker liquidity today dries up the capital available for the next generation of startups.

What about ol’ reliable? While government-backed sovereign investors continue to provide an important layer of stability, evolving fiscal conditions — which have caused downward revisions of many MENA states’ 2026 GDP forecasts — may lead to more selective strategies. Future allocations will likely prioritize sectors aligned with national mandates, such as AI and fintech infrastructure.

EGX30

46,731

+3.1% (YTD: +11.7%)

USD (CBE)

Buy 53.56

Sell 53.70

USD (CIB)

Buy 53.57

Sell 53.67

Interest rates (CBE)

19.00% deposit

20.00% lending

Tadawul

11,276

+0.2% (YTD: +7.5%)

ADX

9,650

+1.4% (YTD: -3.4%)

DFM

5,545

+2.0% (YTD: -8.3%)

S&P 500

6,575

+0.7% (YTD: -4.0%)

FTSE 100

10,365

+1.9% (YTD: +4.4%)

Euro Stoxx 50

5,733

+2.9% (YTD: -1.0%)

Brent crude

USD 106.16

+4.9%

Natural gas (Nymex)

USD 2.82

0.0%

Gold

USD 4,818

+0.1%

BTC

USD 68,113

-0.2% (YTD: -22.3%)

S&P Egypt Sovereign Bond Index

1,027

-0.4% (YTD: +3.5%)

S&P MENA Bond & Sukuk

148.96

0.0% (YTD: -1.9%)

VIX (Volatility Index)

24.54

-2.8% (YTD: +64.1%)

THE CLOSING BELL-

The EGX30 rose 3.1% at yesterday’s close on turnover of EGP 6.3 bn (3.4% below the 90-day average). Regional investors were the sole net sellers. The index is up 11.7% YTD.

In the green: Telecom Egypt (+7.5%), TMG Holding (+6.0%), and Ibnsina Pharma (+4.7%).

In the red: Qalaa Holdings (-2.0%), Egypt Aluminum (-0.8%), and Edita (-0.8%).

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My Morning Routine

My Morning Routine: Mohamed El Demerdash, general manager for cosmetics and cosmeceuticals at Fine Hygienic Holding

Mohamed El Demerdash, general manager for cosmetics and cosmeceuticals at Fine Hygienic Holding: Each week, My Morning Routine looks at how a successful member of the community starts their day — and then throws in a couple of random business questions just for fun. Speaking to us this week is Fine Hygienic Holding’s Regional General Manager Mohamed El Demerdash (LinkedIn). Edited excerpts from our conversation:

My name is Mohamed El Demerdash. I have 22 years of experience as a global operations executive, working across nine different industries and with more than 500 multinational enterprises across several functions. I have worked in six different markets, including Egypt, North America, China, India, Europe, and South Korea, operating in industries including automotive, oil and gas, FMCG, cosmetics, and other industrial sectors.

I have also worked on a consulting and part-time basis with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, supporting public sector entities, particularly in governance and policy. I am also an executive coach certified by the International Coaching Federation. But on a personal level, I am a marathon runner and have completed two Ironman races.

I currently serve as the general manager of the cosmetics and cosmeceutical category at Fine Hygienic Holding. I have been in this role for nearly three years, managing the business in Egypt and overseeing performance across the GCC and North Africa. However, I will soon be transitioning to a new role with a major fertilizer company in the Middle East.

To understand why Fine expanded into cosmetics, it is important to consider Egypt’s broader economic context. The country has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, with several sectors expanding significantly. The cosmetics and cosmeceutical sector, in particular, has seen robust growth driven by government incentives and increasing regional demand. Fine Group, which has been in the market for nearly 70 years, saw a chance to build on its brand equity by expanding into cosmetics.

While there were initial challenges, the business is now operating successfully and serving around 28 markets. The currency devaluation two years ago also improved the competitiveness of Egyptian manufacturing, especially in export-oriented sectors like ours.

I usually wake up at 5am. Since I am a marathon runner, I start my day with training, either running or strength training at the gym. I train about six days a week, depending on my schedule. After training, I take time to stretch and recover, followed by reading.

Then I properly begin my workday at around 8:30 or 9am. Sometimes I also hold coaching sessions in the morning, as I find this is when I am most focused, energized, and clear-minded. I am naturally a morning person, and I’ve followed this routine consistently for almost nine years now.

I begin my day by checking in with my team to understand priorities and ensure alignment. It is important to me that everyone is in a positive and productive mindset. I meet regularly with my direct reports to review progress and ensure we are on track with our plans. I also make it a point to walk around the workplace to connect with team members and get a sense of the overall environment.

One constant in my day is maintaining a positive mindset. I focus on identifying openings rather than dwelling on obstacles. This perspective was shaped by my father, who taught me the importance of resilience and focus. Challenges are inevitable, but your response to them ultimately defines your progress.

I rely on the Eisenhower Matrix to prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance. This approach helps me focus on what truly matters and to delegate effectively when needed. I also strongly believe in simplifying things — by concentrating on the core priorities, one can significantly enhance productivity and decision-making.

Personally, my family is my top priority. I have a three-year-old daughter, and raising her with strong values and stability is extremely important to me, especially in a world increasingly shaped by social media and AI. Professionally, I aim to continue growing as a leader while supporting others through coaching and development. I am also focused on contributing to business growth and embracing new technologies, particularly AI, which will play a major role in shaping the future.

To recharge, I spend quality time with my family, especially my daughter. I also enjoy being in nature, reading, and exploring new cultures and experiences. These activities help me reset mentally and maintain perspective.

The most meaningful advice I received came from my late father. He told me to focus on myself and avoid distractions. He compared life to a race — emphasizing that you should focus on your own lane, rather than comparing yourself to others. This advice has stayed with me throughout my life and career.


2026

APRIL

2 April (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s second meeting of 2026.

9 April (Thursday): Capmas expected to release inflation figures for March

12 April (Sunday): Coptic Easter.

25 April (Saturday): Sinai Liberation Day.

MAY

1 May (Friday): Labor Day.

21 May (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s third meeting of 2026.

27-29 May (Wednesday-Friday): Eid El Adha (TBC).

JUNE

15 June (Monday): Seventh review of the IMF’s Extended Fund Facility

30 June (Tuesday): National holiday in observance of the June 30 Revolution (TBC).

JULY

9 July (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s fourth meeting of 2026.

23 July (Thursday): National holiday in observance of Revolution Day (TBC).

AUGUST

20 August (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s fifth meeting of 2026.

26 August (Wednesday): National holiday in observance of Prophet Muhammad’s birthday (TBC).

SEPTEMBER

15 September (Tuesday): IMF to hold its eighth review of Egypt’s USD 8 bn EFF arrangement.

24 September (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s sixth meeting of 2026.

27-29 September (Sunday-Tuesday): Global Conference on Population, Health, and Human Development.

OCTOBER

6 October (Tuesday): Armed Forces Day.

29 October (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s seventh meeting of 2026.

DECEMBER

17 December (Thursday): Monetary Policy Committee’s eighth meeting of 2026.

EVENTS WITH NO SET DATE

Early 2026: Passenger operations on the New Administrative Capital-Nasr City monorail scheduled to begin.

1Q 2026: Trial operations for the Ain Sokhna-Sixth of October section of Egypt’s first high-speed rail line scheduled to begin.

May 2026: End of extension for developers on 15% interest rates for land installment payments.

July 2026: British Prime Minister Keir Starmer set to visit Egypt.

2H 2026: Operations at Deli Glass Co’s new USD 70 mn glassware factory kick off.

2027

20 January-7 February: Egypt to host the African Games.

April 2027: Tenth of Ramadan dry port and logistics hub to begin operations.

EVENTS WITH NO SET DATE

2027: Egypt to host EBRD’s annual meetings.

2027: Egypt-EU Summit 2027.

End of 2027: Trial operations at the Dabaa nuclear power plant expected to take place.

September 2028: First unit of the Dabaa nuclear power plant begins operations.

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