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OCI Global offloads Texas blue ammonia project for USD 2.35 bn

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WHAT WE’RE TRACKING TODAY

TODAY: M&A updates from OCI Global and Scatec

Good morning, ladies and gents. The news cycle shows no signs of slowing down this week with M&A news flowing in from Tunisia and further away in the great state of Texas. We also have more details trickling in from the Tunisian green hydrogen agreement bonanza that kicked off last week. Let’s jump right in.

THE BIG CLIMATE STORY OUTSIDE THE REGION- It’s a quiet news day in the international press, but deepsea mining and the controversies that follow is grabbing some ink with the election of Brazil’s former oil regulator as The International Seabed Authority (ISA)’s secretary general. Leticia Carvalho has been elected to head the UN-mandated seafloor mining regulatory body on the heels of the 36 member council drafting a mining code to regulate minerals exploration and extraction from the ocean floor. Despite some companies pushing to secure a license before 2025, Carvalho expects this process to last until next year and says no mining application should be approved before studies are complete. The ISA first began accepting permit applications from corporations looking to launch deep-sea mining projects in July 2023.

Many want to put the process on hold: There has been mounting pressure from as many as 32 states to pause seafloor mining for critical energy transition minerals until further scientific-understanding is available to inform the development of a regulatory framework, the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition told Reuters. Environmental groups have called for the mining to be banned altogether in fear of irreversible biodiversity loss. Carvalho’s campaign centered around conservation which opposed former secretary general Michael Lodge’s pro-exploration stance.

The story grabbed ink in Reuters and the Financial Times.


WATCH THIS SPACE-

#1- UAE introduces unified pricing for EV charging: The UAE has established a unified pricing structure for charging EVs nationwide, effective from September 6, Khaleej Times reported, citing a Cabinet resolution published last month. The revised fees mandate that service providers charge a minimum of AED 1.20 per kWh for express charging and AED 0.70 per kWh for slow charging, excluding VAT fees. The resolution aims to regulate and standardize the current wide variation in rates, reduce crowding around superchargers, and increase the number of charging points on highways and inside cites.

We’ve been waiting for this: A unified EV charging price was supposed to be announced before the end of last year, Undersecretary for Energy and Petroleum Affairs under the UAE’s Energy and Infrastructure Ministry Sharif Al Olama said at the time.

Part of a broader charging strategy: Earlier this year, UAEV, the first government-owned EV charging network, announced plans to install 100 charging stations, while Adnoc Distribution plans to have installed 200 fast EV chargers by the end of the year across the UAE, up from 90 currently.

#2- Egypt and the UN talk climate resilience: Egypt and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) are looking to collaborate on a project aimed at enhancing urban development and climate resilience, according to a statement. The project will concentrate on three main areas: enhancing human capital for future city expansions, attracting investments to boost the economy, and enabling cities and rural communities to tackle climate change. The project aims to create a new framework for cities to become significant regional and national centers, starting with pilot projects in Damietta and Assiut.

#3- ABAC pushes for currency-indexed climate bonds: The Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation's (APEC) Business Advisory Council (ABAC) — made up of a group of business executives — is urging countries in the region to issue climate bonds that are pegged to different currencies in efforts to mitigate foreign exchange risks for green financing, Reuters reports, citing comments by ABAC’s finance and investment task force head Hiroshi Nakaso. They also proposed a pilot program to develop a voluntary carbon market for the Asia-Pacific region, creating an interoperable carbon credit network that will support the energy transition.

Behind the suggestion: The proposals highlight the need for collaboration between the private and public sectors to finance the substantial costs of energy transition, Reuters adds. ABAC's recommendations, which will be presented at the APEC leaders' summit in November, include issuing 10-year bonds to help developing nations access hard currency for renewable energy projects. Asia is highly vulnerable to climate-related natural disasters and is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, making the initiative crucial for overcoming the challenges of transitioning to a net zero economy.

DANGER ZONE-

Climate change hits Saudi mangrove honey production: Eastern Saudi Arabia’s production of mangrove honey yielded 12 tons — significantly less than the expected 20 tons — due to increased temperatures and low humidity, Al Arabiya reports, citing data from the kingdom’s National Center for Vegetation Development. The changes in weather have caused flowers to dry prematurely and reduced nectar availability, impacting production, Saleh Mahdi Al-Milad, a member of the Eastern Province Beekeepers Cooperative Association, told the news outlet.

Mangroves can mitigate climate impacts: Not only do the trees produce highly nutritious honey that strengthen the immune system and act as antioxidants, but they also store ten times more carbon than other forests and serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans, Al Arabiya writes. They also protect shores from erosion and hurricanes, and maintain water quality and ecosystem balance.

The number of trees is declining at an alarming rate: Mangrove forests are declining at a rate of three to five times faster than overall forest losses worldwide, according to UNESCO. Mangrove coverage has been cut in half within the past 40 years.

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CIRCLE YOUR CALENDAR-

The UAE will host the World ESG Summit from Tuesday, 20 August to Wednesday, 21 August in Dubai. The summit will gather experts and industry leaders to explore new ways to integrate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into business practices.

Turkey will host the International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering from Saturday, 24 August to Monday, 26 August in Izmir. The event will gather researchers and professionals to share advances in clean energy. It will also offer a platform to discuss the latest research, practices, and applications in clean and green energy engineering.

Check out our full calendar on the web for a comprehensive listing of upcoming news events, national holidays and news triggers.

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M&A WATCH

OCI Global offloads Texas blue ammonia project for USD 2.35 bn

Woodside to acquire OCI’s blue ammonia project in Texas: Sawiris-backed, Netherlands-headquartered chemicals company OCI Global has sold its entire stake in a low-carbon ammonia project in Texas for USD 2.35 bn to Australia’s largest oil and gas developer Woodside Energy, according to a statement (pdf). The agreement is expected to close during 2H 2024, subject to receipt of OCI shareholder approval.

About the plant: OCI’s Texas facility is one of the biggest blue ammonia projects under construction in the world with an expected capacity of 1.1 mn tons per annum. The factory is set to begin production next year. Under the agreement, OCI will continue to manage the construction, commissioning and launch of the plant and handover a fully staffed and operational project to Woodside, the statement notes.

Blue ammonia investment is a growing trend amongst big oil: Woodside — aiming to become a “global LNG powerhouse” — is following the global trend of big oil companies aiming to offset their emissions by investing in blue ammonia facilities, the Financial Times reports.

There’s movement regionally: Shell’s Blue Horizons low-carbon hydrogen and ammonia project in Oman entered its pre front-end engineering design (FEED) phase last month and Aramco’s first phase of its Accelerated Carbon Capture and Sequestration project also entered FEED scope the month prior in Saudi Arabia, which it plans to use for blue hydrogen production.

SOUND SMART- What is blue ammonia? Blue ammonia is produced using a low-carbon process involving the capture of carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen which is then combined with nitrogen, according to The National. Because the process is coupled with carbon capture, the blue ammonia production process can reportedly cut emissions by over 90%, according to global engineering firm Wood.

Sawiris has big restructuring plans for OCI: Egyptian b’naire Nassef Sawiris — who owns a 38.8% stake in the firm — said he was considering overhauling OCIGlobaI in February, with one of the options being turning the empire into a cash-shell company pursuing acquisitions in new industries. The company sold its 50% +1 stake in Fertiglobe — their JV with Abu Dhabi National Oil Company — to Adnoc for AED 13.28 bn (USD 3.62 bn) last December, with the acquisition expected to close later this year. OCI also sold 100% of its USD 3.6 bn stake in the US crop nutrient unit Iowa Fertilizers to US’ Koch Ag & Energy Solutions in the same month.

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M&A WATCH

Aeolus acquires a 49% stake in Scatec’s Tunisian solar projects

Scatec + Aeolus partner on Tunisian solar developments: Japan’s Aeolus — a subsidiary of Toyota’s investment arm Toyota Tsusho Group — has signed a partnership agreement with Norwegian renewables developer Scatec to jointly develop and own the latter’s EUR 79 mn Sidi Bouzid and Tozeur solar projects in Tunisia, according to a statement. Under the agreement, Aeolus has acquired a 49% ownership stake in the projects. The tender for the plants entered its final stages back in May.

The details: Scatec — which was awarded a 20 year power purchase agreement with the option to extend 10 years from the Tunisian state utility firm Société Tunisienne de l’Electricité et du Gaz — will begin to construct the projects and will handle Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC), Asset Management, and Operations & Maintenance (O&M) services.

The solar project reached financial close: At the same time, the two solar projects — which have a capacity of 60 MW each — have reached financial close, Scatec said, adding that the funding will come via “non-recourse project finance debt, concessional loans, and equity for the partners.” The main lenders are the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the French Development Agency’s Société de Promotion et de Participation pour la Coopération Économique (Proparco), with support from the World Bank’s Clean Technology Fund and the Global Environment Facility.

Aeolus’ will help the project unlock more funding: With Aeolus’s participation, the project has been selected to receive carbon credit funding by Japan’s Ministry of Environment, the statement said. The funding — which will be provided through the ministry’s Financing Program for Joint Crediting Mechanism — will be allocated once commercial operations begin, effectively reducing the equity partners’ funding needs to around 15%.

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INVESTMENT WATCH

HDF Energy’s Tunisian green hydrogen plant has an investment ticket

More details on HDF’s green hydrogen plant in Tunisia: France’s HDF Energy will invest EUR 3 bn to develop its large-scale green hydrogen project in Tunisia, according to a statement (pdf). No timeline for the project launch was disclosed in the statement, but the green hydrogen produced is primarily intended for export to Europe via the SoutH2 Corridor pipeline which is expected to be operational by 2030.

What we know: The project will be powered by 1 GW of wind energy, 500 MW of solar energy, and 800 MW capacity electrolyzers to produce 65k tons of green hydrogen annually, the statement notes.

REMEMBER- Tunisia’s national green hydrogen strategy targets the production of 8.3 mn tons of green hydrogen and derivatives annually by 2050. Some 2.3 mn tons of the green hydrogen will be used locally while 6 mn tons will be directed to exports. The strategy seeks to attract investments worth approximately EUR 120 bn, leveraging Tunisia’s industrial and energy infrastructure.

There are others throwing their hats in the ring: HDF Energy signed an agreement with Tunisia’s Industry, Mines and Energy Ministry for the project last week as part of a wider spate of agreements with five other international firms to ramp up green hydrogen production in the country. The international players include Norway's Aker Horizons, Austria's Verbund, British company Savannah Energy, Irish company Amarenco, Zurich-based H2 Global, Belgium's Deme Hyport, and Germany's Abo Energy.

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DEBT WATCH

AfDB could help finance Acwa and Hassan Allam’s 1.1 GW wind farm in Egypt

AfDB mulls funding Egyptian 1.1 GW wind farm: The African Development Bank (AfDB) is considering financing Acwa Power and Hassan Allam Utilities’ 1.1 GW wind farm in the Gulf of Suez, according to environmental studies published on the lender’s website. Construction on the project is expected to begin in 4Q 2024 and continue on for 30 months, according to the documents. The wind farm is slated to start commercial operations in late 2027 and will operate for 25 years.

Refresher: The wind farm — the largest of its kind in the Middle East — has a price tag of USD 1.5 bn. Acwa and Hassan Allam Utilities signed a 25-year land usufruct agreement with the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) back in January.

The AfDB study outlined the design of the project: The report — prepared by Egypt’s EcoConServ, Safe Soar, and Jordan’s ECO Consult for the Egyptian Regional Centre for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency — has examined two plots of land which make up the 1.1 GW facility. Both plots are located within the Ras Gharib in Egypt’s Red Sea governorate and span 300 sqkm and 656 sqkm respectively. Each plot will have 69 wind turbines installed with a capacity of 8 MW each.

Investors have shown interest: The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) completed the review for a potential USD 75 mn equity investment into Egypt’s renewables sector in January, with Hassan Allam Utilities’ wind farm standing as a top contender. The Sovereign Fund of Egypt also considered acquiring a minority stake in the wind farm under the terms of an MoU signed with the Saudi renewables developer in 2022, which could see it “potentially acquire up to 10%” of the project.

Acwa has other big plans for Egypt: Acwa inked an agreement with the Egyptian government to develop a USD 4 bn green hydrogen project back in December. The first phase will have the capacity to produce 600k tons of green ammonia annually, while the second phase will expand the plant’s output by another 2 mn tons. The predicted investment value of the second phase was not disclosed, as well as the expected timeline for the entire project

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EARNINGS WATCH

Emirates Steel Arkan’s net income falls 64% y-o-y in 2Q

Emsteel’s income falls 64%: Emirates Steel Arkan (Emsteel) saw its net income fall 64% y-o-y to AED 46.3 mn in 2Q 2024, according to its 1H financial statements (pdf). The company’s revenues also fell 10% y-o-y to AED 1.82 bn in revenues. The company attributed the drop in performance to pressure on international steel markets as a result of geopolitical tensions and a slowdown in the Chinese economy that has impacted both export and domestic markets,” according to its earnings release (pdf).

On a six-month basis, Emsteel’s bottom line dipped 38% y-o-y to AED 174.5 mn in 1H 2024. Revenues were down 11% y-o-y, falling to AED 3.96 bn during the period.

The company was expecting a strong year: “As we look to 2024, our strategic focus revolves around boosting output, reducing costs, and surpassing our production targets. With a robust financial position, reduced debt and a commitment to sustainability, we approach the future with confidence, the company’s Director and Group Chief Executive Officer Saeed Al Remeithi said earlier this year.

Looking ahead, Emsteel plans to “remain vigilant in monitoring market dynamics to

stay agile, continue to collaborate closely with downstream customers to meet their needs for value-added and low-carbon products… [and] maintain [its] commitment to supplying premium steel products, to landmark projects in the region, such as [Emsteel’s] latest agreement with Eversendai for the construction of the NEOM Trojena Ski Village,” said Group CEO Saeed Ghumran Al Remeithi.

ICYMI- Emsteel is already exploring low-carbon products: EmSteel Arkan and Japan’s Itochu Corporation will launch a feasibility study to explore setting up a low-carbon iron processing plant in Abu Dhabi. The project will be in collaboration with Japanese steel manufacturing firm JFE Steel and aims to produce 2.5 mm metric tons of reduced iron annually starting in 2027

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ALSO ON OUR RADAR

Renewable energy and green finance updates from UAE and Egypt

SOLAR-

Amea breaks ground on Uganda solar plant: UAE’s Amea Power has broken ground on the 24 MWp Ituka solar PV plant in the West Nile region in Uganda, according to a statement. The USD 19 mn project — set to be operational in 3Q 2025 — will generate approximately 53.9k MWh of clean energy annually, powering over 192k households, and offsetting 26.6k tonnes of carbon emissions each year.

The details: Amea signed an agreement with the London-based Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund to finance the project during COP 28, the statement adds. The project is set to be the largest utility-scale grid-connected solar PV project in the West Nile Region. The company also signed a power purchase agreement for the project with the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company last year.

RENEWABLES-

Ewec extends clean energy partnership with Mediclinic: Emirates Water and Electricity Company (Ewec) has extended their clean energy partnership with UAE-based healthcare provider Mediclinic Middle East, according to a press release. Under the agreement, Ewec will continue to provide electricity generated from certified clean energy sources to all of Mediclinic’s advanced facilities in Abu Dhabi.

Ewec has been busy: The company is moving forward with several major projects, including its Saadiyat Island seawater reverse osmosis desalination project, which has just received four bids for its development and operation. Ewec also issued a request for proposals last month for eligible developers to submit their bids to develop, finance, operate, and maintain a 400 MW greenfield battery storage system power project in Abu Dhabi.

GREEN FINANCE-

EBRD boosts green investments and SMEs in Egypt with USD 20 mn loan: The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is providing a USD 20 mn loan to Crédit Agricole to support green investments and small businesses in Egypt, according to a press release. The loan — which includes USD 3 mn of concessional finance from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) — will be used for on-lending to local SMEs and households. The financing will be further supported by the EU with up to EUR 2.05 mn for incentive payments for verified projects and a comprehensive technical assistance package of up to EUR 6.2 mn. Crédit Agricole Egypt is the fourth bank to benefit under the GCF Green Economy Financing Facility (GEFF) Regional Egypt Framework aimed at promoting green and energy-efficient investments.

OTHER STORIES WORTH KNOWING ABOUT THIS MORNING-

  • ValU + KarmSolar partner on EV charging: Egypt’s FinTech firm ValU and solar energy company KarmSolar will work together to introduce an EV charging network in Marakez’s District 5 commercial and residential development project located in New Cairo. Customers will be able to use ValU’s payment system to top up their EV batteries through an application called Karm., the same name as KarmSolar’s new subsidiary specialized in investing in EV charging infrastructure across Egypt. (Statement-pdf)
  • Qatar boosts district cooling: Qatar's district cooling capacity has reached 1.2 mn tonnes of refrigeration, accounting for 19% of the country's total cooling capacity. The Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (Kahramaa) aims to increase this share to 24% by 2030. (The Peninsula)
  • BP to explore solar projects in Iraq: British oil giant BP signed an MoU with the Government of Iraq to negotiate exploring power generation and solar projects in the Kirkuk region. The negotiations are expected to be complete early next year. (Statement)
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AROUND THE WORLD

Uranium miners urge Australia to lift the fuels’ mining ban

Miners urge Australia to allow uranium mining: Australia’s uranium explorers are urging state governments to lift bans on mining the fuel, anticipating a surge in demand driven by increased interest in nuclear energy, Bloomberg reports. Despite Australia holding nearly a third of the world's known uranium ore deposits, only South Australia and the Northern Territory currently permit uranium mining.

The concerns and challenges: Environmental and safety concerns have deterred other states from embracing the industry with only two uranium mining projects being currently operational in Australia, Bloomberg adds. However, proponents argue that modern mining techniques and stringent regulations can mitigate these risks, making uranium mining a viable and safe option for contributing to the global energy transition.

Australia has big potential: Australia has the potential to play a significant role in the nuclear energy sector with its vast uranium resources — the world’s largest economic demonstrated resources of uranium. Supporters of the industry believe that by allowing more states to mine uranium, Australia can both meet its own energy needs and become a major exporter of nuclear fuel.


Australian tech start-up raises funds to unlock lithium supplies: ElectraLith — an Australian start-up backed by mining giant Rio Tinto — is raising USD 15 mn to develop new lithium extraction technology, the Financial Times reports. This technology could benefit countries that are investing in EVs while looking to reduce reliance on China for lithium refining — such as the US and Australia — by reaching new reserves of lithium — a critical material needed to manufacture EV batteries.China currently controls 65% of global lithium refining, chief executive of ElectraLith Charlie McGill told FT.

About the tech: ElectraLith is developing direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology, which could significantly lower the cost of lithium mining and access previously unviable deposits. ElectraLith’s unique approach, termed DLE-R, uses electrodialysis to refine lithium brine into lithium hydroxide.


AUGUST 2024

12-16 August (Monday-Friday): Mastering Renewable & Alternative Energies, Dubai, UAE.

20-21 August (Tuesday-Wednesday): The World ESG Summit, Dubai, UAE.

24-26 August (Saturday-Monday): International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Engineering, Izmir, Turkey.

24-26 August (Saturday-Monday): International Summit on Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy, Valencia, Spain.

SEPTEMBER 2024

16-18 September (Monday-Wednesday): World Utilities Congress, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

17-19 September (Tuesday-Thursday): EV Auto Show, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

23-25 September (Monday-Wednesday): Powerlec Bahrain 2024, Manama, Bahrain.

25-26 September (Wednesday-Thursday): Green Steel Summit, Dubai, UAE.

OCTOBER 2024

1-3 October (Tuesday-Thursday): Water, Energy and Environment Technology Exhibition, Dubai, UAE.

1-3 October (Tuesday-Thursday): Cairo Sustainable Energy Week, Cairo, Egypt.

2-3 October (Wednesday-Thursday): World Green Economy Summit, Dubai, UAE.

10-12 October (Thursday-Saturday): The IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Green Energy, Yasmine Hammamet, Tunisia.

13-17 October (Sunday-Thursday): Cairo Water Week, Cairo, Egypt.

15-17 October (Tuesday-Thursday): EV Auto Show, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

15-16 October (Tuesday-Wednesday): Solar & Storage Live KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

NOVEMBER 2024

4-8 November (Monday-Friday): World Urban Forum, Cairo, Egypt.

4-8 November (Monday-Friday): AfricanEnergy Week, Cape Town, South Africa.

6-7 November (Wednesday-Thursday): Renewable Energy Forum Africa, Tunis, Tunisia.

6-7 November (Wednesday-Thursday): Critical Mineral Africa Summit, Cape Town, South Africa.

11-22 November (Monday-Friday) United Nations Climate Change Conference or Conference of the Parties (COP29), Baku, Azerbaijan.

11-14 November (Monday-Thursday): Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

18-19 November (Monday-Tuesday): G20 Summit, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

19-22 November (Tuesday-Friday) Aquaculture Africa 2024, Hammamet, Tunisia.

26- 27 November: (Tuesday - Wednesday): World Food Security Summit, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

26-28 November (Tuesday-Thursday): Future Power Expo, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

26-28 November (Tuesday-Thursday): Egypt Energy Show, Cairo, Egypt.

27-28 November (Wednesday-Thursday): RAK Energy Summit, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.

DECEMBER 2024

2-13 December (Monday-Friday): Conference of the Parties (COP16) to the United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

3-4 December (Tuesday-Wednesday): MSGBC Oil, Gas & Power 2024 conference, Dakar, Senegal.

JANUARY 2025

12-15 January (Sunday-Wednesday): World Renewable Energy Congress, Manama, Bahrain.

14-16 January (Tuesday-Thursday): World Energy Summit, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

28-29 January (Tuesday-Wednesday): Sustainability Forum Middle East, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

FEBRUARY 2025

23-25 February (Sunday- Tuesday): Global Water Energy and Climate Change Congress, Manama, Bahrain.

24-26 February (Monday-Wednesday): Connecting Hydrogen MENA, Dubai, UAE.

24-27 February (Monday-Thursday): Oman Climate Week, Muscat, Oman.

EVENTS WITH NO SET DATE

2024

End-2024: Emirati Masdar’s 500 MW wind farm in Uzbekistan to begin commercial operations.

QatarEnergy’s industrial cities solar power project will start electricity production.

November: Arab Forum for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, Amman, Jordan.

2025

International Union for Conservation of Nature World Conservation Congress, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

UAE to have over 1k EV charging stations installed.

Middle East Electric Vehicle Show, Sharjah, UAE.

2026

26-29 October (Monday-Thursday): World Energy Congress, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

UITP Global Public Transport Summit, Dubai, UAE.

Annual Meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, Bangkok, Thailand.

1Q 2026: QatarEnergy’s USD 1 bn blue ammonia plant to be completed.

End-2026: HSBC Bahrain to eliminate single-use PVC plastic cards.

2027

MENA’s district cooling market is expected to reach USD 15 bn.

World Water Forum, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

2030

UAE’s Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCB) wants to provide AED 35 bn in green financing.

UAE targets 14 GW in clean energy capacity.

Tunisia targets 30% of renewables in its energy mix.

Qatar wants to generate USD 17 bn from its circular economy, creating 9k-19k jobs.

Morocco’s Xlinks solar and wind energy project to generate 10.5 GW of energy.

2035

Qatar to capture up to 11 mn tons of CO2 annually.

2045

Qatar’s Public Works Authority’s (Ashghal) USD 1.5 bn sewage treatment facility to reach 600k cm/d capacity.

2050

Tunisia’s carbon neutrality target.

2060

Nigeria aims to achieve its net-zero emissions target.

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