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Vitol Bahrain goes all in on Ugandan oil supply chains with USD 2 bn loan

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What we're tracking today

TODAY: Vitol Bahrain backs Uganda’s oil supply chain infrastructure

Good morning, friends, and a very Merry Christmas to all those who are celebrating. Although the holiday season’s news slowdown is still in the air, today’s issue is nothing short of important updates.

Our top story for the day is Vitol Bahrain’s USD 2 bn loan backing midstream and downstream oil projects in Uganda at a remarkably lean 4.92% interest rate, in what appears to be an infrastructure-for-crude play. The move also comes as Western banks retreat under the weight of ESG mandates and risk aversion, leaving a gap that is now being filled by African and Gulf capital.

ALSO- We take a stock of what Kuwait’s successful advancement of the Mubarak Al Kabeer Port project means for the country’s diversification push and regional competition over the Northern Gulf trade corridors.

But first, a quick look into the top global updates on the logistics industry, courtesy of Pakistan’s flagship carrier privatization and China’s effort to torpedo CK Hutchison’s sale of its ports portfolio….

The big story abroad-

Pakistan moves ahead with flag-carrier privatization: A consortium led by Arif Habib Corp clinched a 75% stake in flag-carrier Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) with a USD 482 mn bid. The move — which signals the country’s seriousness about its privatization plans, mandated by the International Monetary Fund — will see the new owners invest in new jets, with plans to more than double PIA’s fleet to 38 aircraft, up from 18, within four years.

Why does it matter for our region? Two reasons. First, a serious privatization drive could lead to more UAE investment in Pakistan’s aviation sector — we already know Abu Dhabi is in advanced talks to take over operations at Islamabad International Airport. Second, a revived PIA could strengthen competition with Gulf carriers for the EU-Pakistan travel corridor, which serves some 1.4 mn Pakistanis living in Europe and the UK, especially in light of the EU and the UK ending travel restrictions for Pakistan-bound flights.

ALSO- The proposed USD 23 bn sale of CK Hutchison’s global port portfolio to a BlackRock-led consortium has entered a high-stakes standoff, as China’s state-owned Cosco demands a majority stake in the transaction. While the deal was initially hailed by the Trump administration as a strategic victory to "reclaim" the Panama Canal from Chinese influence, Beijing has retaliated by weaponizing its merger review process to force a pro-China realignment. Western partners in the transaction are now reportedly threatening to walk away.

Watch this space-

RAIL- Turkey is close to securing USD 6 bn in financing for a 120 km freight rail line across the Bosporus Strait, the Daily Sabah reports, citing comments by Turkish Transport and Infrastructure Minister Abdulkadir Uraloglu. Ankara is seeking the funds from the World Bank, with potential contributions from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. The project — whose tender will be launched in 1Q 2026 — will connect Istanbul’s European side to the industrial hub of Gebze.

The new development will help Turkey overcome what has been described as a supply chokepoint along a key export route, where shipping is restricted to a narrow, foggy waterway. It will also ease pressure on Turkey’s Europe-bound Marmaray Tunnel, and will advance Ankara and Baghdad’s plans to establish a freight corridor — courtesy of the Iraq Development Road — connecting Grand Faw Port to Turkey’s ports via rail and road infrastructure.


ZONES + PORTS- Egypt wants to trade domestic port access for African logistics hubs. The Investment Ministry is proposing a land-swap mechanism to establish logistics zones in six unnamed African countries, Investment Minister Hassan El Khatib said in a statement.

How it would work: The state would secure land for logistics zones in target African markets to serve as export launchpads. In return, the partner countries (or entities) would be granted land at Egyptian ports. The ministry envisions the private sector managing these zones, though El Khatib also noted that he welcomed Mostakbal Misr helping manage the system under which the zones would operate. That would expand the authority’s mandate beyond agriculture and reclamation into cross-border trade infrastructure.

ALSO FROM EGYPT- The Transport Ministry is piloting a new auction model for Kom Abu Radi dry port, with a closed-envelope auction system launched by the General Authority of Land and Dry Ports for the construction and operation of the project, sources with knowledge of the matter tell EnterpriseAM. The deadline for opening technical envelopes has been set for April 2026.

This is the first practical application of the ministry’s move away from the traditional tender system — which prioritized the lowest cost of implementation—toward an auction-style model. The new mechanism is designed to secure the highest operating return for the state and the fastest execution timeline, moving away from bureaucratic structures to attract faster foreign and local direct investment, our sources tell us.

Market watch-

Baltic index downward streak continues: The Baltic Exchange’s dry bulk sea freight index — which tracks rates for the capesize, panamax, and supramax vessel segments — fell 0.6% to 1,877 points on Tuesday. The capesize slipped 0.5% to 3,319, while the panamax index was up 0.1% to 1,267 points, while the smaller supramax index eased by 18 points to 1,144.

Data point-

13 jets — that’s the deliveries that China’s Planemaker Comac made this year for its flagship narrow-body model C919, as of 22 December 2025. The figure means that Comac is missing its target of 25 deliveries in 2025 — an already revised-down target from 75 jets.

Made in China but still needs the West: Comac’s failed year-end delivery is a direct casualty of geopolitics. Despite being branded a made-in-China aircraft, the C919 remains deeply dependent on Western supply chains, including for critical components like the LEAP-1C engines used in the C919 model. A US export ban on jet parts effectively froze Comac’s production, creating a backlog that persisted even after limited exports were allowed to resume.

***YOU’RE READING EnterpriseAM Logistics, the essential MENA publication for senior execs who care about the industry that connects producers and retailers to global markets. We’re out Monday through Thursday by 9:15am in Cairo and Riyadh and 11:15am in the UAE.

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The Big Story Today

Vitol Bahrain backs Ugandan oil supply chain projects with USD 2 bn loan

Vitol Bahrain backs Uganda’s oil supply chains: Vitol Bahrain, the Gulf-based arm of the Swiss commodity giant, is finalizing a USD 2 bn, seven-year loan to the Uganda National Oil Company (Unoc). The capital is earmarked for critical midstream and downstream projects, including oil storage terminals, pipeline connections, and the resumption of a long-stalled development of a USD 4 bn domestic refinery.

Why it matters

This is less of a traditional loan — and is more of an infrastructure-for-crude play. The funding carries a 4.92% interest rate — remarkably low for a market like Uganda, where sovereign yields often touch high double digits. The discounted rate is likely compensated for by structural control, with reports saying the loan is secured by future crude flows and managed through dedicated escrow accounts.

What’s in it for Vitol? By funding the storage and transport assets, Vitol is expanding its influence in Uganda. Since July 2024, Vitol Bahrain has been the sole supplier of refined petroleum products to Unoc. By funding these new projects, Vitol ensures it has significant influence over the Ugandan energy supply chain, from the points of import/production to the storage tanks.

Our take: Gulf-based capital is filling in gaps left by the West

Vitol’s move is part of a broader trend in Africa where Gulf-based entities and commodity traders are replacing Western banks, which have retreated on the backs of ESG mandates and high-risk lending. For example, a Western consortium led by Standard Chartered distanced itself from the USD 5 bn East African Crude Oil Pipeline in 2023, leaving a dunning gap that is now being filled by non-Western capital, including from Afreximbank, South Africa’s Standard Bank, and Saudi-based Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector (ICD) and Afreximbank.

The funding reflects a wider Gulf push into Africa’s resource economy, extending beyond energy into mining, where giants such as the UAE’s DP World and Mubadala are backing gold, bauxite, and lithium projects across Guinea, Mali, and the DRC.

There’s also the geopolitical angle: The Gulf-Africa partnership is driven less by sentiment and more by strategy, as Africa offers the Gulf a platform to counter expanding Chinese and European influence. Washington, meanwhile, has little objection to seeing its Gulf allies secure contracts over rivals such as China and Russia.

Background

The financing builds on a previously announced USD 4 bnagreement with UAE-based Alpha MBM Investments to develop a 60k bbl / d refinery, with Unoc retaining a 40% stake. Alpha MBM backing also came after a Western-led consortium (including Baker Hughes) retreated from backing the domestic refinery project in 2023.

About Vitol: Vitol is a Swiss-based multinational energy and commodity trader, with regional ownership and operational links. The firm is 10% owned by Adnoc and has stakes in oil refining, storage, and bunkering assets in the UAE and Bahrain.

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Spotlight

Kuwait’s Mubarak Al Kabeer: The end of the lost decade?

China is building Kuwait’s Mubarak Al Kabeer Port — what’s next? Kuwait has finalized a KWD 1.2 bn (USD 4 bn) contract with China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) to complete the long-stalled first phase of the Mubarak Al Kabeer Port.

Why it matters

This isn’t simply a project milestone — it is yet another strong sign that Kuwait has finally broken the decade-long political gridlock that paralyzed its infrastructure. For over a generation, Kuwait’s representative politics — the most active in the Gulf — was synonymous with development delays. By suspending parliament in May 2024 and bypassing the legislative process to raise the country’s debt ceiling via the KWD 30 bn debt law, Kuwait is now able to fund new mega projects that will be critical for its race to diversify its economy away from oil like its Gulf peers.

This mobilization also signals that Kuwait is finally ready to compete for the northern Gulf trade corridor —a space currently being captured by the aggressive Iraq Development Road projects — featuring a spate of intermodal logistics projects that are now in the advanced construction stage, including the Grand Faw Port just 2 km away from Kuwait’s Mubarak Al Kabeer.

Zero-Sum Logistics: The Northern Gulf may not be big enough for two mega-hubs. Kuwait is banking on the Gulf Railway to connect its port directly to the Saudi heartland, betting that a link to Riyadh will be more attractive to global shippers than Iraq’s overland route through Turkey.

But Enterprise, why does it have to be a zero-sum game? Kuwait’s Mubarak Al Kabeer and Iraq’s Grand Faw ports are situated in Khor Abdullah, a 10 km-wide waterway, where the maritime jurisdiction is unclear. Khor Abdullah is Iraq’s only direct gateway to the Gulf, facilitating the majority of its oil exports and imports. The waterway’s status is also now in limbo after Iraq’s Federal Supreme Court annulled a 2013 maritime demarcation pact with Kuwait in 2023.

Background

Mubarak Al Kabeer is located on Bubiyan Island in northern Kuwait and is part of the Northern Economic Zone, both of which are linked to the country’s Silk City (Madinat Al Hareer) — a megaproject under development. The China-backed goliath project will encompass 250 sq km and is planned to include an international airport and a dutyfree trade zone.

GCC rail connectivity is also in the works: Mubarak Al Kabeer Port will connect to a 111 kmrailway network linking the port to a central hub in Kuwait City’s Shadadiya, where a 2 mn sqm station will operate. This creates a land bridge, allowing cargo arriving at the new deep-water port to be offloaded and transported by rail toward the southern borders and the rest of the Gulf via the Gulf Railway Project.

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Also on Our Radar

IndiGo taps Qatari, Turkish carriers for jet leases

IndiGo taps regional players for jet leases-

IndiGo, India’s largest air carrier, has reportedly entered into wet-lease agreements for seven aircraft — two from Qatar Airways and five Airbus A320s from Turkey-based Freebird Airlines — to support domestic operations, The Hindu Businessline reports, citing industry sources. The aircraft are expected to be inducted between December 2025 and January 2026.

Zoom out: The Indian government recently directed IndiGo to cut its domestic winter schedule by 10%, following the cancellation of over 4k flights in early December after the airline failed to adequately manage new pilot rest regulations. Beyond pilot availability constraints, IndiGo has grounded several aircraft due to ongoing Pratt & Whitney engine issues, as well as delays in aircraft deliveries from manufacturers.

Separately, India’s aviation regulator has increased scrutiny of IndiGo’s Turkey-linked wet-lease arrangements after Ankara allegedly backed Pakistan during the May India-Pakistan clash, according to The Hindu. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation has said IndiGo can operate five wet-leased Boeing 737s from Turkey until 31 March 2026, with a “sunset clause” barring any further extension.

SCA’s USD 85 mn tugboat order signals confidence in Red Sea stabilization

The Suez Canal Authority (SCA) is effectively betting on a near-term normalization of maritime traffic, signing contracts worth some EGP 4.2 bn (c. USD 85 mn) to commission 10 new tugboats, a senior government official tells EnterpriseAM.

This is the first major capex commitment the SCA has made since regional conflicts sent Red Sea traffic plunging, and sends the market a signal that the authority is moving from crisis management to recovery mode. By expanding the fleet and expediting maintenance on key dredgers, the SCA is positioning itself for the return of the ultra-large container vessels that drive the bulk of its tonnage fees.

ALSO FROM EGYPT- The Unified Procurement Authority (UPA) launched a new platform designed to facilitate Egyptian manufacturers’ access to African markets, according to a statement from the authority. The platform integrates the national e-procurement system (MediQ) with a new interface for the Africa CDC.

By aligning data and regulatory standards with African partners, the authority aims to reduce the bureaucratic friction that often hampers Egyptian pharma exports to the rest of the continent. It also cements the UPA's role as the operator of the Africa CDC’s North African capacity-building hub.


2026

JANUARY

19-23 January (Monday-Friday): World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland.

21-22 January (Wednesday-Thursday):IOSA Operator Workshop, Dubai, UAE.

FEBRUARY

3-4 February (Tuesday-Wednesday): Middle East Bunkering Convention, Dubai, UAE.

4-5 February (Wednesday-Thursday): Breakbulk Middle East, Dubai, UAE.

4-5 February (Wednesday-Thursday): MRO Middle East, Dubai, UAE.

9-11 February (Monday-Wednesday): Future Warehouses & Logistics, Dubai, UAE.

10-12 February (Tuesday-Thursday): Sustainable Aviation Future MENA, Dubai, UAE.

12 February (Thursday): Technical Seminar on Marine Biofuels, London, UK.

15-17 February (Sunday-Tuesday): World Advanced Manufacturing Logistics Summit and Expo, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

17-19 February (Tuesday-Thursday): World Legal Symposium (WLS), Warsaw, Poland.

20-22 February (Friday-Sunday): Dubai Freight Camp, Dubai, UAE.

24-25 February (Tuesday-Wednesday): Green Shipping Summit, Athens, Greece.

25-27 February (Wednesday-Friday): Air Cargo Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

25-27 February (Wednesday-Friday): Air Law Treaty Workshop Tanzania (Third Edition), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

MARCH

5-6 March (Thursday-Friday): CargoIS Forum, Miami, United States.

9-13 March (Monday-Friday): WCA Worldwide Conference, Singapore.

10-12 March (Tuesday-Thursday): World Cargo Symposium, Lima, Peru.

18-19 March (Wednesday-Thursday): IntraLogisteX, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

18-19 March (Wednesday-Thursday): Green Marine Transport Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

26 March (Thursday): Gulf Ship Finance Forum, Dubai, UAE.

APRIL

12-15 April (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Smart Logistics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

16-17 April (Thursday-Friday): Global Supply Chain and Logistics Summit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

MAY

19-21 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Ground Handling Conference (IGHC), Cairo, Egypt.

12-14 May (Tuesday-Thursday):Aviation Energy Forum (AEF), Paris, France.

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