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The Gulf’s oil flow will need some time to return to prewar levels

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WHAT WE’RE TRACKING TODAY

TODAY: What will it take for Gulf oil to flow freely?

Good morning, friends. It was only a brief reprieve as the two-week ceasefire is looking increasingly fragile by the hour, and we’re bracing for the uncertainty of what comes next. Let’s dive right in.

** A QUICK PROGRAMMING NOTE- EnterpriseAM Logistics is taking a publication holiday on Monday and will be back in your inboxes at the usual time Tuesday morning.

The big logistics story abroad

Iran responded to an Israeli attack on Beirut, which threatened to unravel the two-week US-Iran ceasefire, by halting the passage of two oil tankers through the Strait of Hormuz. Tehran aims to impose tolls — to be paid with cryptocurrency — on oil tankers passing through the waterway, an Iranian official told the Financial Times. Ship-tracking data by Bloomberg showed the strait remained largely blocked as of yesterday. More than 800 vessels remain stuck in the Gulf.

Watch this space

M&A WATCH — DP World eyeing USD 13.2 bn stake in UK’s biggest port operator? A controlling 64% stake worth USD 13.2 bn in the UK’s largest port operator, Associated British Ports (ABP), is up for grabs, and DP World is reportedly interested, Bloomberg reports, citing people it says are familiar with the matter.

Currently, nothing is set in stone, and discussions are still underway. The likes of Brookfield Asset Management, KKR & Co, and BlackRock’s Global Infrastructure Partners are also reportedly interested in snapping up the stake from Canada Pension Plan Investment Board and Toronto-based Omers Administration Corp.

The target: As the UK’s largest port operator, ABP handles roughly a quarter of the UK’s maritime trade.

IN CONTEXT- DP World already operates two deepwater ports and freight rail terminals at Southampton and London Gateway, the latter of which it had previously committed to investing GBP 1 bn into.


DISRUPTION WATCH Saudi’s lifeline under fire? Hours into the ceasefire announcement, the East-West pipeline — the Kingdom’s only way to move oil around the once-again closed Strait of Hormuz — was hit in a drone attack, according to unconfirmed reports from the Financial Times and Bloomberg. Neither Saudi officials nor local media have addressed the reports, and Aramco declined to comment on the matter when EnterpriseAM reached out.

REMEMBER- The Kingdom began rerouting crude exports to the Red Sea’s Yanbu port in early March to bypass the strait, and maxed out capacity on its East-West pipeline this week after pumping close to 5 mn bbl / d to the west coast. This helped KSA export around 50% of its normal oil volumes, but the pipeline shutting down — while Hormuz remains closed — could mean Saudi oil exports dropping to near zero.


SHIPPING — The US-Iran ceasefire has given shipowners and charterers a reason to start moving again, with operators inside the Gulf lining up departures as the two-week truce raises the prospect of Hormuz opening — even as the terms of safe passage and transit protocols remain unclear.

The backlog is the real story: More than 800 vessels have been stuck in the Middle East since late February, with the priority now likely to be clearing laden tankers out. At least one charterer was already looking to start pricing ballast voyages after the ceasefire announcement.

Why it matters: The ceasefire may create room for ships to move, but major operators are still treating Hormuz as a risk-managed corridor rather than a normal trade lane. Maersk said the truce may open some transit windows, but still lacks full maritime certainty and will keep decisions tied to updated risk assessments and official guidance.


PORTS — Iraq’s subsea tunnel at Grand Faw is moving toward launch. The Iraqi Transport Ministry said the tunnel will be inaugurated soon as part of the wider Grand Faw Port buildout. The submerged link is around 2.5 km long and sits inside an infrastructure package meant to connect the port more efficiently to Iraq’s inland road network.


AVIATION — Airspaces clear after ceasefire announcement: Iraq and Syria both moved to reopen their airspace and resume normal civil aviation activity after weeks of war-driven closures and severe disruption across the Middle East. The Iraqi Civil Aviation Authority said the country’s airspace and all of its airports had reopened effective immediately. Syria followed with its aviation authority restoring all previously closed air corridors and relaunching operations at Damascus International Airport.

Market watch

Oil prices rose slightly this morning as the ceasefire starts to look shaky, sparking fears about further bottlenecks at Hormuz, Reuters reports. Brent crude futures fell USD 1.96 to trade at USD 96.71 / bbl by 11.02 GMT, while US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) dropped USD 2.60 to USD 97.01 / bbl.


The Baltic Index continues to rise: The Baltic Exchange’s dry bulk index — which tracks rates for the capesize, panamax, and supramax vessel segments — was up 2.1% to 2,139 on Wednesday.

Data point

38.7 — that’s the headline seasonally adjusted purchasing managers’ index (PMI) for Qatar in March, according to the latest S&P Global Qatar PMI (pdf). The reading marks a dramatic decoupling from February’s 50.6, signaling the most severe deterioration in non-energy private sector conditions since the height of the pandemic in May 2020. While the index has hovered near the 50.0 “no-change” mark for months, the outbreak of the US-Iran war has triggered an immediate and historic contraction.

The breakdown: New business inflows collapsed at a survey-record pace in March, with 64% of firms reporting a drop in orders as regional instability froze spending. This drove the fastest output contraction in nearly six years and a deterioration in purchasing activity not seen since the 2020 lockdowns. While employment saw marginal growth, the rate of hiring slowed to a 19-month low.

Margins are under fire: Input cost inflation hit a 15-month high, even as firms faced a sharp drop in inventories amid the slowdown. Companies are caught in a classic squeeze as rising purchase prices and high wage inflation — although slower in March — are colliding with a marketplace where activity is slowing at a historic rate.

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The Big Story Today

It ain’t so easy to start things over

Getting oil moving again through Hormuz is one thing — getting the Gulf energy system back again is another. While the recent ceasefire opens the door to transit the strait, the system behind it remains fragile, with strikes hitting refineries, storage, and fields across Gulf countries.

A sea-turned-storage could be a relief: There’s some 130 mn barrels of crude, 46 mn barrels of refined fuels, and 1.3 mn tons of LNG sitting idle on tankers across the Gulf. These volumes can move quickly once routes reopen.

Not that quick though: “It would likely take more than two weeks to clear the backlog even under normal conditions, [which is] too short to restore the level of confidence needed to fully unwind the embedded uncertainty premium — particularly for Arabian Gulf loading routes,” Daejin Lee, global head of research at Fertmax, told Reuters.

But clearing the backlog of cargoes is only half the equation — and moving ships out is easier than convincing them to come back in. Hundreds of vessels and shipowners are preparing to move, but transit protocols and key terms are still unclear. Charters remain cautious, with Maersk noting that “the ceasefire may create transit [windows], but it does not yet provide full maritime certainty and we need to understand all potential conditions attached.”

Crucially, without the confidence that tankers will be there to lift cargo, producers won’t rush to restart — they can’t afford to produce barrels they can’t move. National oil companies like Aramco may also be hesitant to restore output without clarity on the ceasefire conditions.

The GCC will now play a sequencing game: The first barrels back to market won’t come from fresh output but from crude and products already sitting in tanks in the Gulf. That buys time, but it’s finite, and masks the deeper issue that upstream and midstream systems are still impaired.

It will likely take some time

Wells don’t like being turned off: Idle wells lose pressure balance, take on water, and face corrosion risks — especially with hydrogen sulfide exposure. In Saudi and Iraq, where enhanced recovery techniques like gas and water injection are standard, restarting is recalibrating entire reservoir systems under stable conditions.

Refining will be the quiet bottleneck: Saudi’s Samref refinery has been running below capacity since a drone strike last month, with estimates suggesting full restoration could take up to a year, while the UAE also halted its Ruwais plant after a drone strike. That matters because refined products are where shortages hit harder.

Supply chain too: Turbines, compressors, and specialized equipment will be needed to repair the Gulf’s energy infrastructure. Several companies and service providers have evacuated staff from the region, stretching the time till those workers return and equipment is available.

The overarching risk: All of these recovery timelines are entirely dependent on the situation holding steady. “Kinetic action can easily resume if there is discord [regarding] any [aspect] of the 10-point plan proposed by Iran,” Harry Tchilinguirian, head of research at Onyx Capital Group, tells EnterpriseAM. If the conflict reignites — particularly if the US or Israel target Iranian power plants — Tchilinguirian warns the next wave of attacks will likely be far more aggressive, with Iran directly striking its neighbors’ energy infrastructure.

Qatar took the first step

Getting work started: Engineers and workers are already heading to Ras Laffan as improving security allows limited activity and maintenance ahead of a planned restart, with some output possibly returning in the coming days. Some operations have already begun to come back online, “with two LNG trains restarted and a third in progress,” Mehdy Touil, who spent more than a decade at Ras Laffan and is now the lead LNG specialist at Calypso Commodities, tells us, adding that staff never left the site.

IN CONTEXT- Some 17% of LNG capacity has been taken offline at Qatar’s Ras Laffan facility, forcing a shutdown of liquefaction early in the conflict. Repairs to LNG infrastructure are slow by design — restarting even the intact trains requires a multi-step process of reopening offshore wells, restoring utilities, and restocking refrigerants that cool the gas, Touil told the New York Times. QatarEnergy previously signaled that restoring full capacity could take up to five years.

What this means

Even in the best-case scenario, this is a staggered recovery. Some wells could return in days or weeks if damage is limited and security holds. But full system normalization — across production, processing, and export — is a months-long process at minimum, and years-long where infrastructure has taken a real hit.

REMEMBER- The potential bill for repairing energy infrastructure across the Gulf from war damage stands at USD 25 bn, with engineering and construction taking the biggest share, followed by equipment and materials

What’s next: Watch tanker traffic through Hormuz for confidence, and refinery utilization rates for real supply recovery.

(** Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links to our background as well as external sources.)

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Projects

Iraq’s Basra-Haditha pipeline inches toward a tender

Iraq advances the Basra-Haditha pipeline: Iraq’s cabinet gave the oil ministry the go-ahead to invite specialized companies to bid for the Basra-Haditha crude pipeline, pushing the USD 4.6 bn project toward a tender process.

The planned line would move crude from Southern Iraq to the north, creating an alternative export route and bypassing Iraq’s semi-autonomous Kurdistan region. The pipeline is designed to carry around 2.3 mn bbl / d while helping feed Turkey’s Silopi-Ceyhan link.

Baghdad’s already been working fallback routes: Iraq has been trying to revive a long-idle stretch of the Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline to move crude north to Turkey’s Ceyhan port without crossing the Kurdistan region.

Why it matters: Once the disruption in Hormuz choked Iraqi exports, storage filled up and southern output fell to around 800k bbl / d — exposing how little room Baghdad has when its main Gulf outlet is blocked.

The pattern: Gulf states are leaning more heavily on export pipelines that bypass Hormuz, with existing infrastructure taking on a larger share of flows and reviving interest in expansion projects once seen as too costly or complex, pushing pipeline capacity and cross-border corridor plans back into focus.

That’s not all Iraq is doing: The cabinet also gave the green light to the Iraqi Oil Tanker Company to lease available crude carriers in the Gulf for storage purposes to extend refinery operations. It also allowed the company to arrange overland crude transport from the southern port of Khor Al Zubair to northern hubs in Kirkuk.

(** Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links to our background as well as external sources.)

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Also on Our Radar

Edecs takes on construction at Medlog’s Tenth of Ramadan dry port

Edecs joins Medlog’s Tenth of Ramadan dry port buildout

Medlog’s inland project takes shape: MSC subsidiary Medlog and construction firm Edecs signed an EPC contract for a new dry port construction package in Tenth of Ramadan City. The scope covers a 189k sqm design-and-build contract covering earthworks, paving, road marking, installation of essential utilities, and other critical infrastructure.

The project’s been in the works for a while: The Tenth of Ramadan dry port is being developed alongside a logistics center under a 30-year public-private partnership and spans 250 feddans split between a dry port and logistics zone. The setup includes rail freight infrastructure, container yards, storage, and customs buildings, with road and rail links meant to connect the site to Alexandria, Dekheila, and Abu Qir ports and pull more cargo handling inland.

Saudi ports secure new MSC service into South Asia

A new Saudi-South Asia link: Saudi Arabia added MSC’s new South India Sri Lanka service to Jeddah Islamic and King Abdullah ports, expanding direct links to Sri Lanka’s Colombo and Hambantota as the Kingdom keeps layering in new liner calls to reinforce port connectivity. The service comes with a capacity of up to 2.5k TEUs, adding another link to the Red Sea-westbound trade network.

(** Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links to our background as well as external sources.)

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Logistics in the News

Hormuz risk is pushing ship-to-ship into the market

A different method to skip the red zone: Ship-to-ship (STS) transfers are starting to look less like a niche tanker operation and more like one of the market’s practical workarounds for a Strait of Hormuz that still is not back to business as usual.

The mechanics and what it solves

Splitting the voyage: If passage is costly, uncertain, or simply too risky for certain owners and crews, STS gives traders and buyers another way to keep barrels moving — it allows a ship to load one leg, transfer offshore, and let another vessel handle the rest of the voyage.

Case in point: Russia showed the logic clearly in its March trade, where sanctions, harsh weather, and a shortage of suitable ice-class tankers drove more naphtha and fuel oil cargoes through STS operations near Port Said, Togo, Al Hoceima, and Augusta.

Japan’s tankers workaround: Japan is now relying on offshore oil transfers away from the Middle East to secure crude while keeping its tankers out of a war zone that has become too risky for ships and crews.

How is Japan making STS work? The VLCC Kisogawa is now bound for Hokkaido after receiving roughly 1.2 mn barrels of Murban crude from Rio De Janeiro Energy in an offshore transfer off Linggi on Malaysia’s west coast. The move followed another Murban cargo that was transferred at sea last week and is currently bound for Japan.

The downsides are not small

It solves one problem by creating a few others: STS adds another live marine operation to the chain, with more exposure to mooring loads, fenders, hoses, environmental conditions, cargo procedures, and spill risk, according to the International Maritime Organization (pdf). It also shifts the pressure on time, cost, and liability. The method is at the charterer’srisk, cost, expense, and time, while requiring a safe area and adequate equipment.

Our take: Even as STS keeps barrels moving, it can still mean slower execution, higher costs, and more room for claims if anything goes wrong.


APRIL

16-17 April (Thursday-Friday): Global Supply Chain and Logistics Summit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

23-24 April (Thursday-Friday): Sustainability World Summit, Frankfurt, Germany.

28-30 April (Tuesday-Thursday): Mediterranean Ports and Logistics, Porto, Portugal.

MAY

12-14 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Aviation Energy Forum (AEF), Paris, France.

19-21 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Ground Handling Conference (IGHC), Cairo, Egypt.

19-21 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Terminal Operations Conference & Exhibition, Hamburg, Germany.

JUNE

2-4 June (Tuesday-Thursday): ProPak Mena, Cairo, Egypt.

4-5 June (Thursday-Friday): Supply Chain and Logistics Summit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

6-8 June (Saturday-Monday): IATA World Air Transport Summit, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

10-11 June (Wednesday-Thursday): Black Sea Ports and Logistics, Istanbul, Turkey.

21-24 June (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Smart Logistics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

22-23 June (Monday-Tuesday): Decarbonizing Shipping Forum, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

AUGUST

30 August-1 September (Sunday-Tuesday): Air Cargo Middle East, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

30 August-1 September (Sunday-Tuesday): Saudi Warehouse and Logistics Expo, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

SEPTEMBER

16-17 September (Wednesday-Thursday): Saudi Maritime & Logistics Congress, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

22-24 September (Tuesday-Thursday): Seamless Middle East, Dubai, UAE.

28-30 September (Monday-Wednesday): Transport Logistics Middle East, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OCTOBER

12-14 October (Monday-Wednesday): The Airport Show, Dubai, UAE.

21-22 October (Wednesday-Thursday): Global Ports Forum, Singapore.

26-29 (Monday-Thursday): Air Cargo Forum, Miami, US.

27-29 October (Tuesday-Thursday): Routes World, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

NOVEMBER

2-5 November (Monday-Thursday): ADIPEC Maritime and Logistics Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

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