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Egypt customs overhaul to slash tariffs on imported production inputs to help local industries

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WHAT WE’RE TRACKING TODAY

TODAY: Egypt is overhauling customs to give local industry a fighting chance.

Good morning, friends. We have a brisk read for you this morning, led by Egypt’s plans for a customs system overhaul, as well as natural gas supply chains updates from across the region.
Up first: The Egyptian Finance Ministry is weighing an overhaul of its customs structure, targeting 150 production inputs for tariff slashes of 10–30%. The move aims to back local industry by fixing long-standing customs distortions that favored foreign goods over local assembly. This protectionist push is a cornerstone of the state’s ambitious target to raise industry’s contribution to GDP from 14% to 20% by 2030.

On the natural gas supply chains front, we take a look at Egypt’s shift toward a toll-booth gas hub model. With domestic production stagnating, the strategy now leans heavily on Egypt’s unique status as a regional middleman, utilizing its 2.8 bcf/d regasification capacity to route gas from neighbors like Israel and Cyprus to regional markets. This is similar to Turkey’s re-export strategy that targets Europe.

ALSO: The UAE continues its global energy expansion, with Adnoc’s XRG securing an equity stake in the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) — an integrated gas supply chain project including the South Caucasus Pipeline, the Trans Anatolian Pipeline, and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline. The move signals a broader play for European energy markets, aiming to capitalize on SGC’s pipeline infrastructure transporting Caspian natural gas through Turkey to European markets.

The big logistics story abroad

Elon Musk is merging SpaceX with xAI, creating a USD 1.25 tn venture, people in the know told Bloomberg. The move sets the stage for Musk to carry out his plan of setting up data centers in the planet’s orbit — he claims that space will be the cheapest place for AI computing in two to three years. Properties formerly owned by xAI — Grok chatbot and X.com — now fall under SpaceX’s umbrella.

The world’s richest man still intends to take SpaceX public this year, in an IPO that could see the company raise as much as USD 50 bn, a source told Bloomberg.

AND- Our usual dose of global trade updates: US President Donald Trump has agreed to trim punitive tariffs on India on the condition that New Delhi stops buying Russian oil, reducing the levies from 25% to 18%. India will slash its levies on Washington down to zero. After a phone call with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Trump said New Delhi has agreed to buy more oil from Venezuela as well as upwards of USD 500 bn in US energy and other products.

Happening today

TheMiddle East Bunkering Convention kicks off today in Dubai, bringing together marine fuel suppliers, shipowners, and energy traders to navigate a volatile period for regional shipping. We expect the two-day event to focus heavily on the Red Sea’s impact on refueling patterns and the UAE’s accelerating transition toward LNG and ammonia bunkering.

Watch this space

M&As — Mubadala to back USD 10 bn buyout of Singapore data giant: Mubadala and Singaporean sovereign wealth fund GIC are in talks to join KKR & Co and Singapore Telecommunications in their bid to purchase ST Telemedia Global Data Centres (STT GDC) — a Singapore-based data center operator — in a transaction that could value the operator at above USD 10 bn, Bloomberg reports, citing sources it says are in the know. The sovereign wealth funds would back the bid as minority co-investors. More details could be announced later this week, the sources said.

STT GDC is a global data center player that operates over 100 facilities across 20 countries. KKR and Singapore Telecommunications became minority owners in the firm after securing a USD 1.3 bn stake last year.


ZONES — Egypt’s General Authority for Investment and Freezones is ramping up the full-scale operation of its unified investment licensing platform, a move intended to be the final nail in the coffin for the multiple-window red tape that has long plagued the local business environment. Following a pilot phase that began in mid-2025, the platform has now moved into a broader rollout as the state’s primary interface for securing operational approvals, according to an authority statement.

Gone are the days of having to trudge from ministry or authority building to another to get a project over the line — they say — with the portal centralizing inputs from 41 different government entities into a single online gateway. The platform is designed to act as a unified digital window for 460 different services, including the various licenses, approvals, and permits required to launch and operate economic activities.

The authority is also doubling down on a reduced turnaround time, committing to issuing final licenses within a maximum of 20 business days, provided all necessary documentation is correctly submitted.

Why it matters: The often overwhelming maze of government institutions, red tape, and delays has been flagged as one of the main frustrations of investors — both foreign and local — for as far as we can remember. If the platform really can enforce a 20-day turnaround across 41 separate bureaucracies and work as it should, the improvement to the ease of doing business could have a significant impact on investment flows.

What’s next? Investors will be eager to see if the platform can really offer what it promises. Getting 41 government entities to all work together effectively and efficiently to meet a 20-day turnaround will be no easy feat, and there’s always the risk that minor documentation correction requests and other tactics by government clerks may spring up as a way to get around the 20-day deadline.

Market watch

Oil prices dipped this morning on the back of possible de-escalation in US-Iran tensions and weakening greenback, Reuters reports. Brent crude futures were down USD 0.34 to trade at USD 65.96 / bbl as of 06:23 GMT, while US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) decreased by USD 0.31 to USD 61.81 / bbl. The dip is in line with Monday’s trading sessions’ trend that saw oil prices plummet by over 4%.


The Baltic Index dips: The Baltic Exchange’s dry bulk sea freight index — which tracks rates for the capesize, panamax, and supramax vessel segments — declined 1.1% to 2,124 points on Monday, buoyed by weaker demand for the bigger segment. The capesize dipped 2% to 3,434 points, while the panamax index rose 0.3% to 1,748. Meanwhile, the smaller supramax index gained 0.5% to hit 1,072.

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The Big Story Today

FinMin targets 150 customs items for overhaul to protect local industry

The Egyptian Finance Ministry is weighing requests from some 80 companies to slash customs tariffs on 150 production inputs, three government sources tell EnterpriseAM. The proposed adjustments aim to bolster strategic sectors, including chemicals, home appliances, textiles, automotive glass, sheet metal, and the renewable energy industry.

Tariffs on new categories of production inputs could drop by 10-30%, bringing the effective rate down to a range of 2-5%, we were told. Conversely, tariffs on select imported finished products could climb as high as 60% to provide a competitive edge to local manufacturers.

The primary goal of the new tariff structure is to correct customs distortions where taxes on raw materials sometimes exceed those on finished goods. “We have received numerous complaints from manufacturers regarding customs distortions, where duties on final products are lower than those on production inputs,” one of our sources told us. “This increases production costs and makes it difficult for local products to compete in foreign markets if the status quo remains.”

Why this matters: The potential overhaul aligns with the Madbouly government’s target to raise the industrial sector’s contribution to GDP from 14% to 20% by 2030. To double the industrial workforce to 7 mn and increase the share of green industries, the state is shifting toward more aggressive protectionist policies that favor local production over finished imports.

Officials told us they expect no negative impact on total customs revenue, as the lower rates on inputs will be offset by the higher brackets applied to imported final goods.

What’s next? Beyond the tariff changes, the ministry is preparing to refer legislative amendments for three customs laws to the House. The package includes 29 measures designed to slash customs clearance times, including allowing the installment of customs duties for the first time, accepting both cash and non-cash guarantees, and overhauling the temporary admission system by increasing allowed waste percentages.

AND- The ministry is also considering a proposal from the pharma industry to exempt 18 goods and services from VAT to level the playing field for local pharma manufacturers, a senior government source told EnterpriseAM. Currently, finished imported drugs enter Egypt VAT-free, while local producers pay 14% VAT on essential inputs like raw materials, lab testing, and specialized shipping.

“Why would a company manufacture in Egypt when an imported drug from the UK is fully exempt, while local inputs and safety testing services are subject to 14% VAT?” Egyptian Chambers of Commerce’s pharma division head Ali Auf told EnterpriseAM. Because meds prices are capped by the government, manufacturers can’t hike prices to recoup that 14% VAT., Auf explained.

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M&A Watch

XRG acquires stake in Azerbaijan's Southern Gas Corridor

Adnoc’s global investment arm XRG inked a sales and purchase agreement to acquire an equity stake in Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) from Azerbaijan’s Economy Ministry, subject to customary regulatory and antitrust approvals, state news agency Wam reports. The size and value of the stake weren’t disclosed.

SGC? SGC is a USD 40 bn project that is currently owned by Azerbaijan’s Economy Ministry and its state oil company, Socar. Established in 2014, it currently spans a 3.5k km natural gas pipeline and operates gas fields that reach from the central Asian country to Italy, with the capacity to transport up to 26 bcm of natural gas per year.

The transaction gives XRG exposure to a gas export system linking the Caspian region to Europe. The integrated Southern Gas Corridor value chain includes the South Caucasus Pipeline, the Trans Anatolian Pipeline, and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline, which transport natural gas from Azerbaijan through Georgia and Turkey to European markets.

The transaction expands the company’s footprint in the Caspian region and builds on its existing 30% stake in the Absheron gas field alongside Socar, and 38% stake in Turkmenistan’s offshore Block I concession.

We knew this was coming: XRG inked a non-binding preliminary agreement to purchase an undisclosed stake in SGC last November.

The bigger picture: Adnoc’s international arm has been making a wider push into LNG assets across Asia, the US, and Latin America, with recent moves including an 11.7% stake in the USD 18 bn Rio Grande LNG export facility in Texas. It is also eyeing an investment in an Argentinian LNG project.

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Trade

Egypt leans on toll-booth gas hub model as it navigates gas shortfall

Egypt is formalizing a strategic shift in the role it wants to play as a regional energy hub, prioritizing its position as an infrastructure middleman to navigate a structural shortfall in domestic production. At the most recent AmCham monthly luncheon attended by EnterpriseAM, Oil Minister Karim Badawi acknowledged the “confusing” reality of Egypt simultaneously importing and exporting gas, framing the paradox as a deliberate “ecosystem” play.

Previously, the regional gas hub plan had been presented as a way to monetize the country’s unrealized massive offshore reserves, spurred by the hype surrounding the Zohr field. But in contrast to the initial optimism, domestic production has since stagnated — a decline Badawi links to USD 5 bn in arrears the ministry is now making a priority to settle — prompting a reimagining of Egypt’s role as an energy hub. The hub is no longer about selling surplus Egyptian gas — but hopefully, this will come later — it’s about being the middleman to manage flows within the region and to re-export further afield.

Why this matters: With domestic gas supply still tight, this anchors the gas hub narrative in infrastructure rather than domestic production. Egypt doesn’t need surplus gas to sell the hub story. In the minister’s framing, the hub status is defined by infrastructure capacity and routing capability. Egypt is one of the few players in the region that has both liquefaction and regasification terminals.

We’ve built the capability to move gas in multiple directions, Badawi pointed out, citing the country’s floating storage and regasification units with a combined capacity of around 2.8 bcf/d, alongside pipeline gas inflows from Israel of about 1 bcf/d. That optionality, he said, allows Egypt to meet domestic demand while honoring export and contractual commitments.

Egypt isn’t the only regional player doubling down on this strategy

Turkey is doubling down on Mediterranean LNG import and re-export infrastructure, with plans to double capacity at the existing Dortyol terminal to 56 mn cbm and develop a new FSRU terminal on the Mediterranean coast between Gazipasa and Anamur.

The pattern: Ankara is also leveraging its unique geographic location and advanced gas infrastructure to double down on its role as a re-export hub to the energy-hungry European continent. Turkey has been clinching short- and long-term LNG supply agreements left and right over the past year to help diversify its natural gas sources away from Russia, its largest supplier over the last two decades, to create its own “Turkish blend” — an export product created by mixing gas from different countries.

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Also on Our Radar

A new Saudi-German green ammonia corridor is on the table

Acwa Power inked an MoU with German companies to establish a green ammonia export corridor — slated for commercial operation in 2030, Argaam reported yesterday, citing a statement it has seen. The German partners include Energie Baden-Württemberg (EnBW), Rostock Port, and VNG.

The details: The green ammonia will be shipped from Acwa’s facility in Yanbu to Rostock Port, where it will be converted into green hydrogen by VNG and injected into Germany’s national grid. The development of Acwa’s facility is on track and is set to be completed by mid-2026, the power giant said.

Egypt to lift sugar exports ban amid local surplus

The Egyptian government has officially resumed sugar exports to help local producers clear a massive 1-mn-ton inventory surplus, Federation of Egyptian Industries Sugar Division head Hassan El Fendi tells EnterpriseAM. With a 10-month strategic reserve in place and the beet harvest beginning, the decision to reverse the export ban after three years is designed to provide an immediate liquidity injection for state and private factories struggling with high overheads.

Why this matters: The decision to permit exports comes as a response to producer demands. With local production costs exceeding global prices and delays in the financing initiatives requested by the sector, exporting has become the sole lifeline for refineries to generate liquidity and avoid bankruptcy. The timing is also not coincidental, with the ban on raw sugar imports set to expire this month, threatening to flood the domestic market with even more low-cost supply.

The current abundance “negates any feasibility of continuing the export ban,” and further ensures domestic price stability even during the peak consumption period of Ramadan, El Fendi said. The Trade Ministry’s committee overseeing the sugar trade will meet periodically to review permitted export volumes, ensuring no sudden shortages occur in the local market.

What’s next? The primary challenge now lies in the companies’ ability to compete in foreign markets at current low global prices. This may soon lead to calls for export subsidies to compensate for the disparity in local production costs.


2026

FEBRUARY

3-4 February (Tuesday-Wednesday): Middle East Bunkering Convention, Dubai, UAE.

4-5 February (Wednesday-Thursday): Breakbulk Middle East, Dubai, UAE.

4-5 February (Wednesday-Thursday): MRO Middle East, Dubai, UAE.

9-11 February (Monday-Wednesday): Future Warehouses & Logistics, Dubai, UAE.

10-12 February (Tuesday-Thursday): Sustainable Aviation Future MENA, Dubai, UAE.

12 February (Thursday): Technical Seminar on Marine Biofuels, London, UK.

15-17 February (Sunday-Tuesday): World Advanced Manufacturing Logistics Summit and Expo, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

20-22 February (Friday-Sunday): Dubai Freight Camp, Dubai, UAE.

24-25 February (Tuesday-Wednesday): Green Shipping Summit, Athens, Greece.

25-27 February (Wednesday-Friday): Air Cargo Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

25-27 February (Wednesday-Friday): Air Law Treaty Workshop, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

MARCH

5-6 March (Thursday-Friday): CargoIS Forum, Miami, United States.

9-13 March (Monday-Friday): WCA Worldwide Conference, Singapore.

10-12 March (Tuesday-Thursday): World Cargo Symposium, Lima, Peru.

18-19 March (Wednesday-Thursday): IntraLogisteX, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

18-19 March (Wednesday-Thursday): Green Marine Transport Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

26 March (Thursday): Gulf Ship Finance Forum, Dubai, UAE.

APRIL

12-15 April (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Smart Logistics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

16-17 April (Thursday-Friday): Global Supply Chain and Logistics Summit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

MAY

19-21 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Ground Handling Conference (IGHC), Cairo, Egypt.

12-14 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Aviation Energy Forum (AEF), Paris, France.

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