For the final time in 2025: Good morning, friends. We hope you all enjoy ringing in the new year — and a restful few days of vacation with family and friends — before kicking off 2026 in earnest.
** EnterpriseAM Saudi will be off on Thursday. We’ll be back in your inboxes at our customary time on Sunday, 4 January.
Real estate is front and center in today’s issue: We lead with a beefy story where we see what the pundits think of The Big Reform of real estate in 2025. A flurry of intervention measures came during the year to restore the balance and address an affordability crisis that hit Riyadh the worst, shaping decisions of landowners and strategies of real estate investors.
BUT FIRST- A flare-up in tensions to the south: The Saudi-led coalition in Yemen hit Mukalla port with a limited airstrike, targeting what Riyadh described as weapons and heavy-vehicle shipments aboard two vessels arriving from Fujairah. The first has been identified as the St. Kitts and Nevis-flagged Greenland, a RoRo vessel.
“The ships’ crew had disabled tracking devices aboard the vessels, and unloaded a large amount of weapons and combat vehicles in support of the Southern Transitional Council’s (STC) forces,” a statement published by state news agency SPA said. The Kingdom says it made the move to combat the STC’s military advances on its southern border with Yemen, which it deemed a “threat to the national security of the Kingdom.”
A heated exchange: Presidential council head of the Aden-based central government Rashad Al Alimi accused the UAE of “pressuring” the STC to “undermine and rebel against the authority of the state.” Al Alimi also announced that Yemen is canceling its defense pact with the UAE. The UAE Foreign Ministry issued a statement denying claims of contributing to tensions in the country, asserting the targeted vessel didn’t contain any weapons and the vehicles were destined for Emirati forces in Yemen. The statement stressed support for Saudi Arabia’s “sovereignty and national security” and noted that the Aden-based government had requested its presence in the country.
UAE will pull its remaining troops: A separate Defense Ministry statement reported by Wam said the UAE is pulling its final counter-terrorism teams from Yemen after withdrawing its main military presence in 2019.
Background: The STC — which the UAE has in the past backed — seized power across southern Yemen earlier this month in a major move analysts were concerned could potentially split the country into two states for the first time in decades. A UAE official told Reuters at the time that the UAE’s position on Yemen “is in line with Saudi Arabia in supporting a political process” that is based on UN resolutions.
WEATHER- A haze of dust and sand is forecast to blanket the Eastern Region, the Northern Borders Province, Hail, and Al Qassim, reducing visibility across the northern belt, while the rest of the Kingdom is set for clearer weather.
- Riyadh: 17°C high / 7°C low.
- Jeddah: 29°C high / 20°C low.
- Makkah: 29°C high / 18°C low.
- Dammam: 20°C high / 10°C low.
Watch this space
STARTUP WATCH — M&A activity is heating up for Saudi startups: The Kingdom’s venture capital scene is shifting toward mergers and acquisitions, the natural evolution of the ecosystem’s “build phase,” venture capitalist and ecosystem builder Ahmed Thukair tells EnterpriseAM.
Thukair argues that the trend signals a deeper maturity. “We are now seeing the first generation of true scale-ups,” Thukair said, adding that M&A has become an “increasingly viable path” for founder exits, recycling talent, and innovation, even as public listing appeal wanes.
The push factors: Stock market weakness, tighter valuation scrutiny, and a desire to avoid public market volatility are dampening the appeal of IPOs, Merak Capital’s CEO Abdullah Altamami told Bloomberg. “Buyers are more interested in companies before they go public, because once they go public, they’re more expensive,” he added.
Consolidation ahead: Thukair identifies fintech and logistics as the sectors most ripe for consolidation for M&A, with e-commerce enablement also showing potential. “We’re now at a point where market leaders will begin to emerge through strategic acquisitions, consolidating market share and creating more defensible businesses,” he said.
A new playbook for founders: The focus now is on achieving “efficient growth,” Thukair says: scaling sustainably with strong unit economics and a clear line of sight to profitability. This approach positions a startup for both acquisitions and IPOs, as public markets now scrutinize profitability similarly to buyers. “The ultimate goal is to build a resilient, valuable company, which keeps all options on the table,” he said.
IPO WATCH — Another Nomu IPO in the pipeline: The Capital Market Authority (CMA) greenlit Al Rahden to list on the parallel market, approving the sale of 3.52 mn shares to qualified investors, according to a market statement. The offering represents a 20% stake in the laundry, kitchen, and hygiene equipment supplier. The approval is valid for six months.
Reality check: While CMA cleared Hamad Mohammed Al-Drees & Partners for Industry and Mining for a Nomu listing last week, Five Nomu IPOs were canceled this year, while two others saw their six-month approval windows lapse without proceeding. The only ongoing Nomu IPO from KDL Logistics was 102% covered, marking a sharp contrast with last year’s heavy oversubscription rates and first-day pops. NomuC remains down roughly 27% YTD.
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THE BIG STORY ABROAD-
A couple of stories are making headlines on the last morning of 2025:
#1- Warner Bros Discovery is reportedly leaning toward rejecting Paramount Skydance’s amended USD 108.4 bn hostile takeover bid, despite a personal financing guarantee from Oracle founder Larry Ellison, Reuters reports citing a person familiar with the matter. The board still favors a lower-value USD 82.7 bn merger with Netflix, viewing it as a path of least resistance with fewer regulatory hurdles.
#2- Fed minutes reveal a central bank at a crossroads: Minutes (pdf) from the Fed’s December meeting showed a committee deeply fractured over the path for 2026, especially when it comes to the timing and size of the cuts to come. While officials voted 9-3 to lower rates to 3.5%-3.75%, the record shows some members only supported the cut by a “fine balance,” while others argued for a hold.


