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REGA paved the way for a tokenized real estate market — Now it’s the taxman’s turn

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WHAT WE’RE TRACKING TODAY

THIS MORNING: More chatter on an impending Al Hilal deal

Good morning, friends, and a very Merry Christmas to everyone celebrating this morning. We hope you’re surrounded by loved ones and are thoroughly unplugged from the news cycle.

Our brisk issue for today takes a dive into Saudi’s first steps towards a market for trading tokenized real estate. REGA has put all the tech in place (we’re no slouches when it comes to digital transformation), but the real question that will make or break the market is clear tax regulation from Zatca.

ALSO- Acwa Power picked up Badeel’s stake in Saudi’s oldest water and power project, Shuaiba 1, for over SAR 830 mn. Let’s dive in.

PSAs-

Riyadh Metro is out with prices for annual and student tickets for 2026. Taking effect on 1 January 2026, annual passes will be priced at SAR 1,260 for regular class and SAR 3,150 for first class, while a four-month student semester pass will cost SAR 260 for regular class. Tickets will be offered in both digital and plastic formats.

Circle your calendar

New year, new tax: First invoices for White Land fees will be issued on Thursday, 1 Jan. Landowners of undeveloped lands exceeding 5k sqm within designated urban development zones in Riyadh can appeal the invoices, or request an extension during which they commit to developing the idle land or face paying fees for the whole period.

BACKGROUND- The new 2.5% base tax was introduced this year to promote development and increase supply in the real estate market, part of a wider set of reforms aimed at curbing a protracted trend of inflation in property prices.

Watch this space-

SPORTS — More chatter on an impending Al Hilal deal: Prince Alwaleed bin Talal is reportedly inching closer to snapping up a 75% stake in the PIF-owned Al Hilal, with the deal set to be announced early in 2026, unnamed sources told Semafor.

The price tag is USD 400 mn, the sources said, which puts the top SPL club at some USD 530 mn (SAR 2 bn). The deal would be the biggest club privatization in Saudi so far.

What about the rest? The remaining 25% stake is reportedly owned by a non-profit organization that gets funding from Alwaleed, said unconfirmed reports from Bloomberg in September, when news of the negotiations first broke out.

Reports are conflicting out there, so take this with a grain of salt. Earlier reports, first picked up by Asharq Al Awsat and widely circulated this month, said the Kingdom Holding chairman is eyeing full control of the club for SAR 7.5 bn, with the deal set to be announced before the end of the year.

The PIF is moving on from building the SPL to leaving room for private investors, after it took control of Al Ittihad, Al Ahli, Al Nassr, and Al Hilal in June 2023 and shored up spending on transfers, eyeing privatization when the time is right.


IPO WATCH — Another Nomu IPO greenlighted: The Capital Market Authority (CMA) cleared Hamad MohammedAl-Drees &Partners for Industry and Mining for a potential listing on the parallel market, it said in a statement. The approval, valid for six months, should see the Riyadh-based company float 1.22 mn shares — good for a 20% stake — on Nomu.

Reality check: Five Nomu IPOs were canceled this year, while two others saw their six-month approval windows lapse without proceeding, signaling hesitation amid tight liquidity and a more selective approach by investors. The only ongoing Nomu IPO from KDL Logistics was 102% covered, marking a sharp contrast with last year’s heavy oversubscription rates and first-day pops. NomuC remains down roughly 26% YTD.


AVIATION — Riyadh Air is nearing the delivery of its first owned aircraft, after its first Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner completed its initial test flight (B1 flight) in Charleston, South Carolina, yesterday. Official certification is next for the fresh-out-of-the-oven aircraft before it is handed to the carrier for test flights done by its own pilots.

REMEMBER- Riyadh Air expects to receive one new plane a month from Boeing over the next year, after the carrier hit the skies back in October.

The flood gates are open: Despite global supply chain snags, the airline “remains confident that [its] launch will stay on schedule, with aircraft deliveries and operations progressing as planned,” a representative told EnterpriseAM in September. The carrier has an orderbook of 182 jets from Airbus and Boeing.


ART — Sotheby’s is pivoting to an art-only auction for its second Saudi outing, after itsFebruary debut showed strong collector appetite for fine art over secondary-market luxury. When the house returns to Diriyah on 31 January for Origins II, the Michael Jordan jerseys and Birkin bags that featured in its inaugural edition will be gone, replaced by over 70 works of fine art from international artists — including Andy Warhol, Anish Kapoor, and Saudi artist Mohammed Al Saleem.

The rationale: Sotheby’s maiden auction brought in USD 17.3 mn, but luxury lots — including jewelry and handbags — underperformed, resulting in an overall sell-through rate of 65.8%. “Building on the results achieved in February, this sale places a dedicated focus on fine art, reflecting the strong appetite we have seen among collectors,” Ashkan Baghestani, Sotheby’s head of contemporary art day sale, told Art News.

Sotheby’s continues to treat the region as a learning market: “This is a new market for us, each auction will naturally evolve,” Baghestani said. The broader regional push remains aggressive: its recent Abu Dhabi Collector’s Week generated USD 133 mn through a series of luxury sales.

***You’re reading EnterpriseAM Saudi, your essential daily roundup of business, economics, and must-read news about Saudi, delivered straight to your inbox. We’re out Sunday through Thursday by 7am Riyadh time.

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***

The Big Story Abroad

It’s a quiet morning for global business as just about all Western markets take the day off and folks — bridging or not — slide into a long weekend. The NYSE, Nasdaq, LSE, Paris, and Frankfurt exchanges are all closed.

Up first: Stocks hit another high on Wall Street yesterday as investors pine for a “Santa Claus rally” — hoping to see shares advance in the seven trading days that include the last five of 2025 and the first two of next year.

We promised ourselves we’d stop writing about the bloody Epstein files, but here we are: The US Department of Justice is looking for “emergency recruits” to work through Christmas and New Year’s after officials just happened to find there are another 1 mn or more documents they need to review. The story is front-page, above-the-fold news at every major global business news outlet. Read: DOJ finds a mn more epstein files it needs to review.

Closer to home: Israel is warning it could attack Iran once again — and Canada, the UK, Germany, and 11 other nations are condemning Israel ’s plans to approve 19 more West Bank settlements.

AND- Reuters is a bit concerned about US plans to make it easier for normies to invest in private credit and crypto.

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THE BIG STORY TODAY

REGA paved the way for a tokenized real estate market — Now it’s the taxman’s turn

Saudi Arabia has the digital infrastructure needed for tokenized real estate to work, but fiscal frameworks will need to catch up before investors feel comfortable enough to risk their money. The Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (Zatca) faces complicated questions on whether the new class of assets will be treated as financial securities or fractional property, or a whole new model tailored to the changing times.

Tokenized real estate?

The Real Estate General Authority (REGA) announced last month it successfully completed the first tokenization of a real estate asset, and traded it between the National Housing Company (NHC) and several unnamed investors, putting Saudi “among the first countries globally to regulate property tokenization,” according to the authority.

SOUND SMART- Think of a token as a digital certificate of ownership that lives a decentralized ledger (called the blockchain) rather than in a filing cabinet. Real estate tokenization takes an asset — like an office tower — and slices it into mns of identical digital units, similar to how a company issues shares of stock. Tokens are "programmable," meaning the rights attached to them are baked into the code: a token can represent a direct fraction of the property deed or simply a right to a share of the rental income.

What it brings to the table

Tokenization is all about liquidity. Tokens can be traded instantly on the blockchain, creating a marketplace with minimal friction. The ability to buy and sell fractions of a building as easily as stocks can help expand the investor base and speed up financing of real estate projects — at least that’s what REGA is going for.

The big question lies with the taxman

Zatca will need to issue clear rulings on how these novel types of digital assets will be treated, an analysis by Bloomberg Tax shows. Until then, developers and exchanges will be operating in a grey zone (which won’t be good for business).

Is it really that complicated? Yup.

First comes whether a token will be treated as a piece of property or a traded security. If it’s the first, a token changing hands would technically trigger the 5% real estate transaction tax (RETT), causing friction costs that can drastically impact levels of liquidity on the market. On the other hand, securities are exempted from RETT since and have their own taxation rules.

Corporate treasurers will also face Zakat-related questions. Intent matters when calculating and collecting Zakat fees: If tokens are bought to be flipped on the market, they could be treated as inventory and you pay 2.5% on the full market value of the tokens at year-end. Buying them for the dividend or yield would classify them as fixed assets, in which case the asset value will be deducted from the Zakat base and only pay on the yield. Without clear documentation, companies risk having long-term holdings reclassified as trading assets, spiking their Zakat liability.

Another layer is related to foreigners: Non-Saudi investors buying tokens from abroad could unexpectedly find themselves liable for corporate income tax or withholding tax on what they thought was a simple passive investment if the transaction is routed through a Saudi platform.

The gist? The industry is waiting for Zatca to decide.

Expect institutional money to stay on the sidelines, and major players to seek private clarification requests before we see the launch of any large-scale tokenized funds.

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ENERGY

Acwa Power is getting Badeel’s stake in Shuaibah Water for SAR 843 mn.

Acwa Power wants a bigger piece of Saudi’s first independent water and power project (IWPP). The utility giant signed a SAR 843.3 mn share purchase agreement to buy PIF-backed Badeel’s full 32% stake in Shuaibah Water and Electricity Company, according to a disclosure. The deal will lift Acwa’s ownership to 62%, from 30% currently.

What’s the asset? Shuaibah Water and Electricity Company was set up for the Kingdom’s veryfirst IWPP. The Shuaibah 1 IWPP, commissioned back in 2010, bundled 900 MW of power capacity with 880k cubic meters per day of desalination in its first phase, while planned expansion was set to see its capacity grow to some 1 mn cubic meters a day.

Other Shuaibah projects are their own thing: Subsequent capacity expansions were folded into the same lineage, but newer Shuaibah-branded assets, including large-scale solar PV projects and RO-only desal plants, sit under separate special purpose vehicles with separate contracts.

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MOVES

Saleh Al Harthi takes over as Tharwah CEO starting 2026

Human capital advisory firm Altharwah Albashariyyah (Tharwah) named Saleh bin Khalaf Al Harthi (LinkedIn) as its new CEO, effective 1 January 2026, according to a filing to the exchange. Al Harthi is succeeding Abdullah bin Mardi Al Zahrani (LinkedIn), the founder of the firm, who will step down to focus on his role as managing director while continuing to serve on the board.

(** Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links to our background and outside sources.)

Al Harthi brings over 25 years of experience to the role, having co-founded and chaired Rushd Solutions and served as CSO of Etihad Atheeb (GO Telecom), CEO of Aon Hewitt Saudi Arabia, and general manager at Saudi Telecom Company (STC).

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KUDOS

18 Saudis feature on Forbes Middle East 30 Under 30 2025

Saudis made a strong showing on Forbes Middle East’s 30 Under 30 2025, almost doubling their count to 18 from last year’s ten. Commerce and finance led the way with seven spots, followed by six in science and technology and five in social impact, sports, and lifestyle. Count non-nationals based in Saudi, and the total jumps to 25.

Haroon Al Rasheed, CEO of Tadawul-newcomer Alramz Real Estate, made the list, as did Munira Alkadi and Abdulrahman Alammar, the co-founders of Aya. The team behind Ejari, including co-founders Yazeed Al-Shamsi, Fahad Albedah, Khalid Almunif, and Mohammed Alkhelewy, were also honored for their work in the BNPL sector.

Also on the list-

  • Esraa Fakeih and Lama Alahdal, co-founders of femtech startup Gees;
  • Majed Alshuraya, co-founder of National Security Systems (NSS);
  • Meaad Aflah and Muslih Alzahrani, co-founders of Starvania Studio;
  • Yousef Alsayed and Abdulaziz Bin Mugayel, co-founders of edtech Aila.
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ALSO ON OUR RADAR

Dream of the Desert gets Italian backing, BinDawood expands in UAE, and Fipco diversifies into construction

!_ImageURLWeb_! https://ent.news/2025/12/1256.jpg

Italian backers finance Dream of the Desert

The Dream of the Desert luxury train project developer Arsenale Group sealed a strategic agreement with Simest — an Italian state-owned financial institution backing Italian enterprises' offshore expansion — for a EUR 37 mn (c. SAR 163 mn) joint equity investment, Simest said in a press release on Tuesday.

Cost updated: The new funding is estimated to be half of the current project’s budget at some SAR 317 mn. The other half will be funded by a SAR 154 mn from the Saudi Tourism Development Fund.

Launch date, too: First trips on the ultra-luxury route from Riyadh to Al Qurayyat have also been pushed to late 2026, from an initial target of this year.

(** Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links to our background and outside sources.)

BinDawood buys into UAE’s Wonder Bakery

BinDawood Holdings’ expansion spree continues as it acquires a 51% stake in Dubai-based Wonder Bakery for AED 96.9 mn (SAR 99 mn), it said in a filing to the bourse yesterday. BinDawood seeks a more integrated supply chain for its retail business, along with a plan to bring the technical and operational know-how to the Kingdom.

Established in 2014, Wonder Bakery produces up to 50k tons of bakery and kitchen products annually, serving GCC countries like Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait.

The bigger picture: BinDawood put forth a SAR 1.5 bn expansion plan with unnamed strategic partners two years ago, aiming to boost its e-commerce infrastructure, strengthen supply chains, and integrate robotics into store operations.

Fipco looks to diversify into construction with Bina takeover

Filling & Packing Materials Manufacturing Co. (Fipco) is scaling up into the construction supply chain by fully acquiring Bina Industrial Holding for SAR 364.5 mn, it said in a disclosure to the exchange. The merger — first announced in June — is structured as a share swap that will see Fipco’s shares and capital nearly doubling from SAR 115 mn to SAR 227.7 mn, with the owners of Bina snapping 49.5% of the new entity.

IN CONTEXT- The manufacturer of plastic and woven packing materials will gain access to the Kingdom’s construction sector via Bina’s portfolio — including Bina Precast, Bina ReadyMix, Bina Engineering, and Bina Homes. Fipco’s Chairman Ahmed Al Barrak is also the CEO of Bina and holds a 70% stake in Bina Engineering.

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PLANET FINANCE

How off-balance-sheet financing is masking the true cost of the AI boom

The international business press won’t shut up about the prospects of an AI bubble and investors’ concerns around the “circular” nature of AI. Now, analysis by the Financial Times shows AI’s debt problem is even bigger than we thought.

Tech groups have shifted more than USD 120 bn of AI data-center financing off their balance sheets via special-purpose vehicles (SPVs) funded by outside investors, the FT reports. Oracle makes up just about two-thirds of that.

Who’s footing the bill? Private-credit heavyweights including Pimco, BlackRock, Apollo, and Blue Owl have supplied tens of bns into these structures, binding private markets more tightly to the trajectory of AI infrastructure demand, the salmon-colored paper said.

The rationale: SPVs bankroll capital-hungry data centers while keeping the borrowing off corporate balance sheets, protecting their credit ratings and financial metrics. If demand disappoints, losses land with investors — not the tech firms themselves.

The concern now is not only what would happen to Big Tech if things go awry, but how far-reaching the consequences would be on financial markets.

This is no small-bore financial engineering: Morgan Stanley estimates AI infrastructure buildout could require USD 1.5 tn in external financing. UBS says tech firms had already tapped USD 450 bn from private funds by early 2025 — USD 100 bn more than a year earlier.

OpenAI alone has committed more than USD 1.4 tn in long-term computing contracts across the sector, creating correlated tenant risk if a single major customer stumbles, especially when multiple lenders fund multiple projects tied to the same few buyers.

**We broke down how AI investment has been running on a self-reinforcing loop in Planet Finance last week, explaining how Big Tech funds startups that then pay the same firms for cloud and compute. Off-balance-sheet SPVs don’t break that loop; they let it scale with fewer visible stress signals.

(** Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links to our background as well as external sources.)

TASI

10,541

-0.5% (YTD: -12.4%)

MSCI Tadawul 30

1,393.32

-0.4% (YTD: -7.7%)

NomuC

23,193.21

-0.3% (YTD: -26.3%)

USD : SAR (SAMA)

USD 3.75 Sell

USD 3.75 Buy

Interest rates

4.25% repo

3.75% reverse repo

EGX30

41,508

+0.2% (YTD: +39.6%)

ADX

10,038

-0.2% (YTD: +6.6%)

DFM

6,164

+0.0% (YTD: +19.5%)

S&P 500

6,932

+0.3% (YTD: +17.9%)

FTSE 100

9,870

-0.2% (YTD: +20.8%)

Euro Stoxx 50

5,746

-0.1% (YTD: +17.4%)

Brent crude

USD 62.24

-0.2%

Natural gas (Nymex)

USD 4.24

-3.8%

Gold

USD 4,502

-0.01%

BTC

USD 87,574

-0.1% (YTD: -6.3%)

Sukuk/bond market index

915.45

-0.1% (YTD: +1.5%)

S&P MENA Bond & Sukuk

151.52

-0.1% (YTD: +8.3%)

VIX (Volatility Index)

13.47

-3.8% (YTD: -22.4%)

THE CLOSING BELL: TADAWUL-

The TASI was down 0.5% yesterday on turnover of SAR 2.7 bn. The index is down 12.4% YTD.

In the green: MIS (+10%), Al Masar Al Shamil (+4.9%) and Naqi (+3.4%).

In the red: Saudi Kayan (-3.7%), MCDC (-3.4%) and Tadawul (-3.3%).

THE CLOSING BELL: NOMU-

The NomuC inched down 0.3% yesterday on turnover of SAR 33.9 mn. The index is down 26.3% YTD.

In the green: Riyal (+6.7%), Edarat (+6.4%) and WSM (+5.4%).

In the red: Almodawat (-8.9%), Rawasi (-6.4%) and Fesh Fash (-6.2%).


DECEMBER

25 December (Thursday): Title title deed registration deadline for 64.4k properties across neighborhoods in Madinah, Makkah, Riyadh, and the Eastern Province.

31 December (Wednesday): Zatca 22nd E-invoicing integration wave deadline.

31 December (Wednesday): Cancellation of Fines and Exemption of Financial Penalties Initiative by the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (Zatca) deadline.

2026

JANUARY

1 January (Thursday): Title deed registration deadline for 54k properties in 77 neighborhoods across Riyadh, Makkah, and the Eastern Province.

1 January (Thursday): Electronic salary transfer via the Musaned platform becomes mandatory for all domestic workers in the Kingdom.

10-18 January (Saturday-Sunday): Public school mid-year break.

13-15 January (Tuesday-Thursday): Future Minerals Forum, King Abdul Aziz International Conference Center, Riyadh.

15 January (Thursday): Title deed registration deadline for 31.7k properties in 14 neighborhoods in the Eastern Province.

15 January (Thursday): Title deed registration deadline for about 157.3k properties in 78 neighborhoods across the Eastern Province.

15 January (Thursday): Title deed registration deadline for about 41.7k properties across 115 neighborhoods in Riyadh, Qassim, and the Eastern Province.

18-21 January (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Hospital Design and Build Expo, Riyadh.

26-27 January (Monday-Tuesday): SuperReturn Saudi Arabia, Hotel Fairmont, Riyadh.

26-27 (Monday-Tuesday): GPRC Summit, Riyadh.

26-28 (Monday-Wednesday): Saudi Franchise Expo (SFE), Riyadh Exhibition and Convention Centre, Riyadh.

26-28 (Monday-Wednesday): Real Estate Future Forum, Four Seasons Hotel, Riyadh.

26-28 (Monday-Wednesday): IFAT Saudi Arabia, Riyadh Front Exhibition & Conference Center, Riyadh,

27-28 (Tuesday-Wednesday): SkyMove Air Cargo MENA, Riyadh.

28 (Wednesday): Data Center Nation Riyadh, Riyadh.

28-30 (Wednesday-Friday): Jeddah International Travel and Tourism Exhibition (JTTX), Jeddah.

FEBRUARY

2-4 (Monday-Wednesday): Saudi Media Forum, Riyadh.

2-4 (Monday-Wednesday): Women Leaders Summit and Awards KSA, Riyadh.

2-13 (Monday-Friday): 2026 Asian Road Cycling Championship and Paralympic Cycling, Qassim.

3-4 (Tuesday-Wednesday): RLC Global Forum Annual Meeting, Riyadh.

4 (Wednesday): Michelin Guide’s Restaurant Celebration, Four Seasons Hotel, Riyadh.

5-7 February (Thursday-Saturday): LIV Golf 2026 season opener, Riyadh Golf Club, Riyadh.

8-12 February (Sunday-Thursday): World Defense Show, Riyadh International Convention and Exhibition Center, Riyadh.

9-10 February (Monday-Tuesday): Global Games Show Riyadh 2026, Malf Hall, Riyadh.

9-14 February (Monday-Saturday): Asian Racing Conference, Crowne Plaza Riyadh RDC Hotel & Convention Centre, Riyadh.

11 (Wednesday) Digital Transformation Summit Saudi Arabia (DTS), Riyadh.

11-14 (Wednesday-Saturday): JeddaDerm, Jeddah.

13-14 February (Friday-Saturday): Jeddah E-Prix 2026, Jeddah.

15-17 February (Sunday-Tuesday): The World Advanced Manufacturing & Logistics Saudi Expo, Riyadh Front & Exhibition Center.

16 February (Monday) King Salman Stadium design-and-build contract prequalification submission deadline.

22 February (Sunday): Founding Day.

26 February (Thursday): Title deed registration deadline for 142.8k properties across 104 neighborhoods in Hail.

MARCH

12 March (Thursday): Deadline for real estate registration for 253.2k properties in 499 neighborhoods across Riyadh, Qassim, Makkah, and Hail.

17-23 March (Tuesday-Monday): Eid Al-Fitr holiday.

21 March (Saturday): Fanatics Flag Football Classic, Kingdom Arena, Riyadh.

31 March (Tuesday): Zatca’s 23rd E-invoicing integration wave deadline.

APRIL

6 April (Monday): Procurement and Supply Chain Futures Forum, Al Faisaliah Hotel, Riyadh.

6-7 April (Monday-Tuesday): Real Estate Supply Chain Forum, Al Faisaliah Hotel, Riyadh.

12-15 April (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Print & Pack, Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center.

12-15 April (Sunday-Wednesday): Riyadh International Industry Week, Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center.

12-15 April (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Plastics & Petrochem, Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center.

12-15 April (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Smart Logistics, Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center.

13-16 April (Monday-Thursday): Leap Tech Conference, Riyadh Exhibition & Convention Center - Malham.

20-22 April (Monday-Wednesday): The Future Hospitality Summit, Mandarin Oriental Al Faisaliah Al Faisaliah Hotel, Riyadh.

20-22 April (Monday-Wednesday): Saudi Paper and Packaging Expo, Riyadh International Convention & Exhibition Center.

21 April (Tuesday): GC Summit Saudi Arabia 2026, Saudi Arabia.

27-29 April (Monday-Wednesday): Aluminum Arabia, The Arena, Riyadh.

MAY

3-5 May (Sunday-Tuesday): Sports Investment Forum (SIF), Riyadh.

3-9 May (Sunday-Sunday): The Global Sustainability Expo, The Arena Riyadh Venue.

24-28 (Sunday-Thursday): Eid al-Adha holiday.

JUNE

21-24 June (Sunday-Wednesday): Saudi Food Exhibition and Conference, Riyadh Front Expo.

SEPTEMBER

15-17 September (Tuesday-Thursday) The Global AI Summit, King Abdulaziz International Convention Center, Riyadh.

23 September (Wednesday): Saudi National Day.

OCTOBER

26-29 October (Monday-Thursday): World Energy Congress, Riyadh.

Signposted to happen sometime in 2026:

  • 2H: Sabic’s USD 6.4 bn Fujian project in China to start production in 2026.
  • November: UN Trade and Development Global Supply Chain Forum to take place in Saudi Arabia.
  • November: The Esports Nations Cup, Riyadh.
  • The Intervision international music competition will take place in Saudi Arabia.
  • 6 July-23 August (Monday-Sunday): Esports World Cup, Riyadh.

Signposted to happen sometime in 2027:

  • The World Water Forum takes place in Riyadh.
  • The Ocean Race finishes in Amaala on the Red Sea.
  • Riyadh-Kudmi transmission line to be completed.

Signposted to happen sometime in 2Q 2027:

  • The Hail Region Water Networks Project is expected to be completed.
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