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KSA’s Taqa establishes JV with Icelandic Reykjavik Geothermal for geothermal exploration

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WHAT WE’RE TRACKING TODAY

TODAY: Saudi Arabia’s Taqa establishes new JV to explore geothermal energy sources in the kingdom

Good morning, wonderful people. It’s finally Thursday, and we’re ready for the weekend. But first, we have a couple of key developments from Saudi Arabia.

THE BIG CLIMATE STORY- KSA’s Taqa will form a JV with Iceland’s Reykjavik Geothermal to explore sources of geothermal energy in Saudi Arabia, and Saudi oil giant Aramco will work with British chemicals company Linde on ammonia cracking technologies and the establishment of a demonstration facility in Germany. We have more on these stories in the news well, below.

ICYMI- EnterpriseAM has an explainer on what exactly green fuels are, where things stand, and what needs to happen for the industry to take off.


THE BIG CLIMATE STORY OUTSIDE THE REGION- The impact of SVB’s collapse on finance for climate startups leaves press divided: The international business press was on two sides of the coin yesterday on the impact the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) will have on the global climate tech and finance sectors. Bloomberg notes that the lender’s collapse is likely to hold back the sector as a result of the termination of its USD 3.2 bn commitment to fund innovation in the field, with the Wall Street Journalsharing the same sentiment. Meanwhile, Reuters quoted UN Special Envoy on Climate Action and Finance Mark Carney as saying the bank’s collapse would not have a “material” impact on the availability of financing for climate tech startups.


WATCH THIS SPACE #1- A hydrogen fueling station for Oman’s airport: Oman Shell and Oman Airports Management will set up solar-powered green hydrogen fueling stations near Oman International Airport by 2024, according to a statement. The Green Hydrogen for Mobility project will see the development of Shell’s first on-site hydrogen production unit built to fuel 15 hydrogen cars provided by Shell, the statement notes.

WATCH THIS SPACE #2- 2023 will be a make it or break it year for EV production: Rising energy prices, lack of subsidies, and costly minerals extraction could stall the EV industry in 2023, according to research by US consulting firm Gartner. The global EV market is facing a host of obstacles, including European electricity price hikes, a rise in taxation, the end of Chinese EV subsidies, and rising prices of critical minerals essential to EV production. Heftier minerals price tags would make it more challenging for EV makers to plug the production price gap compared to cheaper combustion engine vehicles, delaying the growth of EV manufacturing globally, Gartner says.

China is on track to acquire half of the global EV market in the next few years: China has over 15 EV manufacturers already producing and selling all-electric cars at more affordable prices relative to competing brands, the research notes. The country’s wealth of critical minerals — supplying 60% of the world’s rare earths — along with its battery manufacturing edge could lead it to capture more than 50% of global EV sales by 2026, according to Gartner.

WATCH THIS SPACE #3- Almost 60% of companies don’t disclose supply chain emissions: Only 59% of the 18.5k firms using nonprofit CDP’s global system for reporting environmental impact disclose their supply chain emissions, a new CDP report found. Only 41% of the studied firms are reporting their scope 3 emissions — greenhouse gasses indirectly generated in companies’ value chains, according to CDP’s findings. Some 70% do not assess the impact of their value chain’s carbon emissions on biodiversity in spite of upcoming mandatory regulations stipulating carbon impact disclosure on nature like the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, CDP notes.

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Enterprise Climate is published at 4am CLT / 5am Riyadh / 6am UAE Monday through Thursday by Enterprise, the folks who bring you Enterprise Egypt, your essential 6am and 3pm read on business, finance, policy and economy in Egypt and emerging markets.

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CIRCLE YOUR CALENDAR-

Denmark will host the Copenhagen Climate Ministerial next Monday and Tuesday in Copenhagen. The event is the first political high-level gathering to follow-up on the COP27 summit’s conclusions and agreements. Denmark and co-hosts Egypt and the UAE will address the need to establish continuity between the last climate summit and November’s COP28, and progress on how targets align with the Paris agreement.

Germany will host The Infrastructure Investor Global Summit from Monday-Friday, 20-24 March in Berlin. The four-day event will gather industry leaders from the global infrastructure sector to map out a course for the industry to upscale its ESG-focused operations and investments. You can register for the event here.

The US will host the UN Water Conference from Wednesday, 22 March to Friday, 24 March in New York. The conference is a midterm review of the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development launched in 2018.

The first MENA Solar Conference is accepting applications from published researchers specialized in PV technology until Sunday, 30 April. The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority will be hosting the conference from 15 to 18 November, in conjunction with the Water, Energy, Technology, and Environment Exhibition and the Dubai Solar Show 2023. Researchers can submit their papers here.

Check out our full calendar on the web for a comprehensive listing of upcoming news events, national holidays and news triggers.

This publication is proudly sponsored by

Opening up a world of opportunity
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GEOTHERMAL

KSA’s Taqa establishes JV with Icelandic Reykjavik Geothermal for geothermal exploration

KSA’s Taqa establishes JV to explore geothermal energy: The Industrialization andEnergy Services Company (Taqa) signed a joint venture agreement with Iceland’s Reykjavik Geothermal (RG) to establish the Taqa Geothermal Energy Company in Riyadh, according to a statement. The new JV will explore sources of geothermal energy in Saudi Arabia to build up a generation capacity of 1 GW of geothermal power, the statement notes.

Taqa’s been interested in geothermal energy for a while: The company has been actively working in the field of geothermal projects for 10 years, with over 266 geothermal wells drilled in Turkey and Eastern Europe, according to a 2021 statement. The company launched the Taqa Geothermal Center of Excellence in Turkey in 2021 to study and share knowledge with global stakeholders on geothermal energy development, according to yesterday’s statement.

The region’s interest in geothermal energy is growing: Saudi Arabia signed an agreement with the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) — a government agency tasked with sourcing and storing geological data — to “explore the sources of geothermal energy in the kingdom” last January. In November, oil giant Schlumberger signed an agreement with Oman to help build its national geothermal energy strategy. As part of the agreement, Schlumberger evaluated data from over 7k oil, gas, and water wells to identify where geothermal processes can be integrated for future installations.

And research points to much untapped potential: Two potential geothermal energy sources in Egypt can alone help mitigate 20 mn tons of CO2 emissions, one study (pdf) finds. Another study (pdf) identified 18 regions in Iran with promising geothermal prospects. The level of enthalpy — a measurement for the total heat content of a system — in geothermal reservoirs across the region are highest in Turkey, Iran, and Yemen, according to an academic review (pdf).

About RG: The company provides services including resource exploration, reservoir assessment, production drilling, design and construction of geothermal power plants, and plant operation management, according to their website.

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Ammonia

Aramco and Germany’s Linde join forces on ammonia cracking

Saudi oil giant Aramco signed a cooperation agreement with British chemicals company Linde to jointly develop ammonia cracking technology and establish a demonstration facility in northern Germany, according to a company statement.

What’s happening at this new demonstration plant? The facility will be where the parties will evaluate the efficiency of Aramco’s ammonia cracking catalyst — jointly developed with the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) — against other catalysts.

A quick explainer: Hydrogen can be generated from ammonia through a process called thermal decomposition or catalytic cracking. This basically involves splitting ammonia into hydrogen gas and nitrogen using metal catalysts like nickel at very high temperatures.

And why is this important? To establish a commercially viable lower-carbon hydrogen supply chain, Aramco CTO Ahmad Al-Khowaiter says in the statement. In other words, effectively transporting hydrogen is notoriously difficult and ammonia is an ideal way to distribute hydrogen.

REMEMBER- Aramco said it was earmarking “multiple bns of USD” in a bid to establish itself as a major blue hydrogen exporter last November. Al Khowaiter said export discussions with Japan and South Korea were the ones “farthest along” with Aramco, which had sent test cargoes totaling 40 tons of blue ammonia to Japan in 2020. The Saudi oil giant and Sabic Agri-Nutrients shipped 25k tons of low-carbon blue ammonia to South Korea’s Lotte Fine Chemical (LFC) that same month.

Not the first ammonia cracking agreement in MENA this year: Adnoc and German industrial engineering multinational Thyssenkrupp signed an MoU for the joint development of large-scale ammonia cracking in January that would see the German firm provide Adnoc with its ammonia cracking technology and work on setting up “large scale” ammonia cracking plants — presumably in the UAE.

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KUDOS

GCC companies rack up innovation and sustainability awards

The Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC) landed second on the Forbes list of the most innovative firms in environmental sustainability, according to a statement released this week. SIRC signed an agreement with Saudi Arabia’s state-owned National Agricultural Development Company (Nadec) last month to jointly recycle 400k tons of biowaste annually with the goal of converting the refuse into organic fertilizers.

Forbes also recognized KSA’s Ma’aden as one of the top 10 most innovative businesses in the energy sector in the kingdom, the mining company said in a tweet. A joint venture between Ma’aden and the Public Investment Fund is reportedly prepared to deploy over USD 15 bn of capital for investments in the coming years.

Muscat-based energy company OQ received the Silver Award for Sustainability during the Oman Sustainability Week Awards, according to a company tweet this week. The awards are a yearly national competition that rates Omani companies on their corporate responsibility and sustainability efforts.

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CLIMATE IN THE NEWS

Iran’s lithium jackpot could net major FDI + The argument for floating solar panels on global water reservoirs

Could Iran’s latest discovery be the ticket out of sanctions? Iran could leverage its critical minerals mining potential to attract FDI and lift west-imposed sanctions, minerals economist Jamil Hijazi writes for Mining.com. As the renewables and EV industries gather steam globally, countries with lithium reservoirs like Iran — which recently announced the discovery of MENA’s first reserve earlier this month — will be able to rake in foreign direct investments and will see their political clout increase as demand for minerals essential to the clean energy transition grows. Iran announced its mining strategy in 2017 in a bid to expand its minerals and metals sector, but still lacks the infrastructure to realize its target of becoming a minerals extraction hub. A potential solution to unlock its full capacity would be tapping foreign companies for the supply of machinery and technical know-how, Hijazi notes.

Installing floating solar energy panels on top of the world’s water reservoirs could minimize evaporation levels and produce massive amounts of energy, according to new research published by the US Energy Information Administration. Covering 30% of the world's 114.5k water reservoirs with floating solar PV installations would conserve the land used for ground-mounted systems and generate some 9.5 mn GWh of clean energy annually — enough to power 6.2k cities across 124 countries.

Water security and energy efficiency: The floating panels would shade water that would otherwise evaporate due to heat exposure, saving enough water for some 300 mn people annually, the study notes. Placement of PVs on top of buoyant platforms in water reservoirs simultaneously cools the panels to avoid the risk of overheating in hot regions, Wired notes. Egypt could generate some 66 TWh (66k Gwh) while saving 200 bn gallons of water annually if it deploys floating PV across a 259 sq km radius, the tech magazine says, and over 40 developing countries including Sudan have more capacity for floating solar installations than their current energy demands.

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ALSO ON OUR RADAR

Morocco’s UM6P, 247Solar develop green ammonia and hydrogen production tech + Tesla taxis in the UAE?

Morocco ramps up green hydrogen production tech: Morocco’s Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) and US-based renewable company 247Solar inked an agreement to study hydrogen and ammonia production through clean electricity, according to a statement. The project will study how to harness 247Solar's technologies — including concentrated solar power and thermal energy storage — to produce clean power to support hydrogen and ammonia production.

Support for OCP: Morocco’s state-owned OCP Group recently announced it will invest some USD 13 bn in a strategic program to greenify its operations by producing 1 mn tons of green ammonia by 2027 and 3 mn tons by 2032.

OTHER STORIES WORTH KNOWING ABOUT THIS MORNING-

  • UAE’s Ajman emirate is introducing Teslas to its publicly-owned taxi fleet. The Ajman transport authority will also establish a solar-powered bus terminal by the end of the year. (Khaleej Times)
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AROUND THE WORLD

China curbs steel production for the third year + Australia needs more minerals mining knowledge

China continues to slash crude steel production: China is likely to cut its crude steel output for the third year in a row in 2023 in a bid to taper down carbon emissions, Bloomberg reports, citing a source familiar with government plans. Steel production is the country’s second-largest carbon-intensive sector, generating some 1.5 bn tons of CO2 equivalent in 2020. Since 2020, the country has been scaling back its production volumes, pushing output down some 40 mn tons y-o-y in 2021 and 21.7 mn tons y-o-y in 2022, according to S&P Global.

Australian, Korean research institutes work on minerals extraction: The Minerals Research Institute of Western Australia inked a preliminary knowledge transfer agreement with the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources as it looks to build its minerals production and export capacity, Reuters reports. Last month, the government of Western Australia signed an agreement with South Korea’s Trade Ministry to explore joint development ventures in the clean energy sector, with a focus on green hydrogen projects.

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ON YOUR WAY OUT

AI internet sensations like ChatGPT are gobbling up electricity

The AI boom spells bad news for the planet: The training of AI chatbots and image generators like Open AI’s ChatGPT requires tremendous amounts of energy and adds tons of CO2 to the atmosphere, Bloomberg writes. Training AI programs is a months-long process that sees researchers use power-intensive chips known as graphics processing units in data servers to help large language models like ChatGPT analyze data.

How much energy are we talking? Tech giant Google says artificial intelligence ate up between 10-15% — or 2.3 TWh — of its overall electricity consumption in 2021, the business information service notes. A single training of OpenAI’s GPT-3 reportedly generated some 502 tons of CO2 and consumed enough energy to power 120 US homes for a year, according to research. While some companies use the AI programs to map out courses to optimize energy efficiency as in the case of Google — which is using AI to control cooling and heating at its facilities — the need to source the energy it eats up from renewable sources is paramount, Bloomberg notes.


MARCH 2023

20-21 March (Monday-Tuesday): Copenhagen Climate Ministerial.

20-23 March (Monday-Thursday): The Infrastructure Investor Global Summit, Hilton Berlin, Germany.

22-24 March (Wednesday-Friday): K.ey - The Energy Transition Expo, Rimini Expo Centre, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

22-24 March (Wednesday-Friday): UN 2023 Water Conference, New York, NY, United States.

27-29 March (Monday-Wednesday): First Meeting of the Transitional Committee in Egypt focusing on Adaptation and Loss and Damage.

APRIL 2023

6 April (Thursday): Arabia CSR Awards 2022 Clinic (online).

MAY 2023

1-4 May (Monday-Thursday): Arabian Travel Market, Dubai, UAE.

2-7 May (Tuesday-Sunday): Salon International de l’Agriculture au Maroc (SIAM), Meknes, Morocco.

16-18 May (Tuesday-Thursday): Seatrade Maritime Logistics Middle East, Dubai, UAE.

29-31 May (Monday-Wednesday): Electric Vehicle Innovation Summit, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

30 May-1 June (Tuesday-Thursday): Global Sustainable Development Congress, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSA.

JUNE 2023

1-3 June (Thursday-Saturday): Envirotec and Energie Expo, Tunis, Tunisia.

13-14 June (Tuesday- Wednesday) The Arab Green Summit, Dubai, UAE.

13-14 June (Tuesday- Wednesday) Bloomberg New Economy Gateway Africa Conference, Marrakesh, Morocco.

SEPTEMBER 2023

Chariot Limited and Total Eren’s feasibility study on a 10 GW green hydrogen plant in Mauritania to be completed.

OCTOBER 2023

2-4 October (Monday-Wednesday): WETEX and Dubai Solar Show, Dubai, UAE.

4 October (Wednesday): Arabia CSR Gala Awarding Ceremony, UAE.

31 October – 2 November (Tuesday-Thursday): World Hydropower Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

NOVEMBER 2023

30 November - 12 December: Conference of the Parties (COP 28), Dubai, UAE.

EVENTS WITH NO SET DATE

End-2022

KSA’s Neom wants to tender three concrete water reservoir projects to up its water storage capacity by 6 mn liters.

2023

Early 2023: Egypt’s KarmSolar to launch KarmCharge, the company’s EV charging venture.

1Q2023: Oman will award two blocks of land for green hydrogen projects in Duqm, Oman.

Mid-2023: Sale of Sembcorp Energy India Limited to consortium of Omani investors to close.

Phase C of the 900-MW of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park in Dubai to be completed.

Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) steam cracker furnace powered by renewable energy to come online.

4Q2023: Oman to award four blocks of land for green hydrogen projects in Thumrait, Oman.

2024

End-2024: Emirati Masdar’s 500 MW wind farm in Uzbekistan to begin commercial operations.

QatarEnergy’s industrial cities solar power project will start electricity production.

First 1.5 GW phase of Morocco’s Xlinks solar and wind energy project to be operational.

2025

Second 1.5 GW phase of Morocco’s Xlinks solar and wind energy project to be operational.

UAE to have over 1k EV charging stations installed.

2026

1Q 2026: QatarEnergy’s USD 1 bn blue ammonia plant to be completed.

End-2026: HSBC Bahrain to eliminate single-use PVC plastic cards.

Iraq’s Mass Group Holding wants to invest EUR 1 bn on its thermal plant Mintia in Romania to have 62% of run on renewable energy, while expanding its energy capacity to at least 1.29k MWh.

2027

MENA’s district cooling market is expected to reach USD 15 bn.

2030

UAE’s Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCB) wants to provide AED 35 bn in green financing.

UAE targets 14 GW in clean energy capacity.

Tunisia targets 30% of renewables in its energy mix.

Qatar wants to generate USD 17 bn from its circular economy, creating 9k-19k jobs.

Morocco’s Xlinks solar and wind energy project to generate 10.5 GW of energy.

2035

Qatar to capture up to 11 mn tons of CO2 annually.

2045

Qatar’s Public Works Authority’s (Ashghal) USD 1.5 bn sewage treatment facility to reach 600k cm/d capacity.

2060

Nigeria aims to achieve its net-zero emissions target.

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