{"id":100581,"date":"2025-09-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/ksa\/2025\/09\/15\/the-kingdoms-population-growth-can-power-its-non-oil-economy-with-the-right-policies\/"},"modified":"2025-09-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T00:00:00","slug":"the-kingdoms-population-growth-can-power-its-non-oil-economy-with-the-right-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/ksa\/2025\/09\/15\/the-kingdoms-population-growth-can-power-its-non-oil-economy-with-the-right-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"The Kingdom\u2019s population growth can power its non-oil economy \u2014 with the right policies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong> <\/strong><strong>Saudi Arabia's growing population is seen as a central factor in its economic <\/strong><strong>diversification<\/strong>, presenting a mix of prospects and challenges as officials strive to reduce the Kingdom\u2019s dependence on oil revenues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>By the numbers: <\/strong>The nation\u2019s population reached 35.3 mn in mid-2024, with an annual growth rate of 4.7% compared to 2023, according to recent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.news\/2025\/8\/1089.pdf\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">data (pdf)<\/a> from the General Authority for Statistics (Gastat). The total number of Saudi citizens has risen to over 19.6 mn in 2024, up from 19.3 mn in the previous year. Meanwhile, the non-Saudi resident population grew to 15.7 mn in 2024, up from 14.5 mn a year earlier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>Sustained growth ahead:<\/strong> The IMF <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/datamapper\/LP@WEO\/SAU?zoom=SAU&\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">forecasts<\/a> the Kingdom\u2019s population reaching 36.01 mn this year. The momentum will not stop here, as our population is expected to grow further to 37.4 mn in 2030, 42.6 mn in 2040, and 47.7 mn in 2050, according to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/data.who.int\/countries\/682\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">data<\/a> from the World Bank.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>How could this boost economic growth? <\/strong>\u201cWith a growing population, particularly one that is skewed toward a younger demographic, this will mean that over time the working age population of the Kingdom will grow in size,\u201d Capital Economics\u2019 James Swanston told EnterpriseAM.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>The country\u2019s demographics are \u201cincredibly positive,\u201d <\/strong>Knight Frank MENA chief economist Christopher Payne told EnterpriseAM. \u201cOver the long term, from a supply-side perspective, economic growth is a function of the growth of the workforce (directly related to population) and productivity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>The Kingdom has potential for both workforce growth and productivity gains<\/strong>, Payne noted. \u201cFor instance, with 3.0% workforce growth and 1.0% productivity gains per year, sustainable potential annual non-oil GDP growth is 4.0%,\u201d Payne added. However, the challenge will be ensuring that there is demand for this new workforce, so the benefits of population growth are fully utilized, he explained. \u201cThis is where Vision 2030 comes in. Gigaprojects, along with other large infrastructure, industrial, and tourism projects, are driven by the need to create and stimulate demand.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>What\u2019s needed to turn these demographics into growth? <\/strong>The short answer is a mix of demand and supply-side policies. \u201cOn the demand-side, there are the gigaprojects (and other projects); on the supply-side, we have new visa categories, new homeownership laws for expats, and huge investments in education and training for Saudi nationals,\u201d Payne said. In one of the most significant supply-side policy shifts, the government has changed laws concerning women\u2019s driving and employment, which \u201chave precipitated a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/ksa\/en\/news\/story\/0ca2e5ce-7288-4ac7-8c7f-d4cd61d58e1e\/women%25e2%2580%2599s-participation-in-the-workforce-more-than-doubles-from-2017\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">doubling<\/a> of female labour participation since 2017,\u201d Payne noted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>ICYMI-<\/strong> Diversification is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/ksa\/en\/news\/story\/b8291961-6794-457f-bdd3-4ef9528c226f\/%253cmark%253egdp-%253c%2Fmark%253egrowth-to-remain-strong-until-2028-despite-deficits--s&p\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">set<\/a> to drive an average annual GDP growth of 3.5% through 2028, even as Vision 2030 investments contribute to fiscal deficits and the global oil market faces uncertainty, S&P Global Ratings recently noted. The rating agency <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/ksa\/en\/news\/story\/b7ab58bc-1f79-4534-a04a-c156ca273abf\/%253cmark%253es&p%253c%2Fmark%253e-revises-up-gdp-growth-forecasts-for-2025\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">sees<\/a> the GDP growing 3.7% in 2025, while EFG Hermes holds a more optimistic outlook, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/ksa\/en\/news\/story\/da6aa6bf-b571-4f83-9ee4-981cd284692a\/efg-hermes-projects-real%253cmark%253e-gdp-%253c%2Fmark%253eto-grow-4.5%2525-this-year\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">anticipating<\/a> a 4.5% growth this year before it slows to 2.7% in 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>Meanwhile, education reforms are not a point to miss:<\/strong> Saudi needs focus on education and job creation as the main policy objectives to convert demographic trends into economic gains, Swanston noted. While the Kingdom spends around 8.0% of its GDP on education each year, international surveys of educational attainment in areas such as maths and sciences show that Saudi Arabia \u201cranks among the worst in the emerging world, and compared to its Gulf counterparts,\u201d Swanston said, stressing the need to \u201creform education to improve the quality of the curriculum and also improve the quality of teaching training.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>It is also crucial to improve business conditions to foster a healthy private sector <\/strong><strong>capable of creating new jobs<\/strong>, Swanston highlighted. This means not only supporting companies, but also attracting foreign firms to establish operations and provide employment opportunities in the country.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>The road to a sustained population growth:<\/strong> \u201cSustaining the growth of the Saudi population, right now, is not an issue,\u201d Payne noted. He instead focused on the expat workforce, which is needed to build the infrastructure associated with Vision 2030. \u201cI think the Kingdom is making strides to make it easier for workers to come to the Kingdom. Measures such as the premier visa help attract senior expats to the Kingdom, providing more long-term stability. Recent changes to homeownership laws (relating to non-Saudis) are also really important, as they enable expats to be more invested in the long-term success of the Kingdom.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>BACKGROUND- <\/strong>To attract global talent, the government <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/ksa\/en\/news\/story\/639f70cc-54b0-4dbd-b94a-fa5703a79052\/pwc-middle-east-eying-new-leadership%3F-%2B-esports-world-cup-kicks-off-today-in-riyadh\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">introduced<\/a> in July a new classification system for expatriate work permits to attract global talent. Additionally, a new foreign property ownership law has recently been <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/ksa\/en\/news\/story\/268e8967-967e-47b8-b55b-e66f743e2692\/non-saudis-to-buy-saudi-property-%25e2%2580%2594-under-a-few-conditions\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">published<\/a>, allowing non-Saudi individuals and institutions to own properties and hold real estate rights in the Kingdom \u2014 effective early next year.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>However, the future growth of the non-Saudi population could be impacted by the <\/strong><strong>government's<\/strong><strong> \u201cSaudization\u201d policies in the labor market<\/strong>, given that the need for non-Saudis to reside in the Kingdom is conditional on employment, according to Swanston.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>The challenges of demographic expansion: <\/strong>\u201cIf Saudi\u2019s labor market is unable to keep pace with demographic expansion, this could lead to increases in unemployment and potentially the need for greater fiscal outlay for the welfare state,\u201d Swanston said. This would be in addition to the need to expand other infrastructure, such as water and sanitation, hospitals, police services, and roads, to accommodate a larger population.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The country\u2019s demographics are \u201cincredibly positive,\u201d Knight Frank MENA chief economist Christopher Payne told us<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":100582,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2571],"tags":[27,10,1433,2834],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-100581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy","tag-economy","tag-enterpriseam-ksa","tag-general-authority-for-statistics-gastat","tag-labor","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"52cf018a-e142-4ec6-b1f4-63e0a10fac5e","order":"3","is_powered_by":false,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2025\/9\/807.jpg","photo_position":"above","homepage_title":"","full_issue_title":"The Kingdom\u2019s population growth can power its non-oil economy \u2014 with the right policies","related_issue":[100576],"teaser":"The country\u2019s demographics are \u201cincredibly positive,\u201d Knight Frank MENA chief economist Christopher Payne told us","voice_url":"https:\/\/s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/ent.news\/audio\/2025\/9\/.6f0a15f7-9e96-405f-836f-bf238665cf38.mp3"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - 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