{"id":689931,"date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/?p=689931"},"modified":"2026-03-26T03:53:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T03:53:44","slug":"egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/","title":{"rendered":"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker"},"content":{"rendered":"

Egypt is unlikely to face direct environmental damage <\/strong>from an abandoned Russian LNG tanker currently adrift in the Mediterranean<\/strong>, with dominant winds and currents set to trap any spills along the coastal areas of Libya and Tunisia, former head of supply chain and transport industries at the World Economic Forum Wolfgang Lehmacher tells EnterpriseAM. While \u201crough seas could ignite remaining gas or breach the visible hull gash,\u201d it\u2019s highly unlikely \u2014 but not impossible \u2014 that Egypt could directly be affected by a spill, he added.<\/p>\n

Nine EU member states \u2014 led by Italy and France \u2014 <\/strong>warned<\/a><\/strong> of a \u201cserious risk of major <\/strong>ecological disaster<\/strong>,\u201d calling on the European Commission to take swift, collective action as the fire-damaged tanker \u2014 allegedly struck by Ukrainian drones \u2014 continues to drift through Mediterranean waters.<\/p>\n

REMEMBER- <\/strong>The Arctic Metagaz was abandoned earlier this month off Libya\u2019s coast after \u2014 according to the Russian state \u2014 it was attacked by Ukrainian naval drones that set it alight and left the vessel inoperable. The vessel is currently drifting some 50 miles off Tripoli, with a load of 450 tons of heavy fuel, 250 tons of diesel, and a substantial amount of LNG, opening up the possibility of an oil spill or the ignition of remaining fuel held onboard.<\/p>\n

Why this matters: <\/strong>We might be spared this time, but that\u2019s down to luck alone. With maritime vessels now a target in the Russia-Ukraine war, the war on Iran, and the Houthis\u2019 actions in Bab El Mandeb \u2014 in addition to the risk of spills from accidents that happen outside of war \u2014 Egypt needs to be prepared to handle spills.<\/p>\n

Egypt\u2019s national oil spill contingency plan can handle tier 1 limited spills of under 100 cbm<\/strong>, but \u201ctier 3 megaspills reveal gaps<\/strong>,\u201d warns Lehmacher. Managing large uncontained spills requires cross-border collaboration and shared cleanup kits across North Africa with the involvement of private players, governments, and industry associations to \u201ctransform yesterday\u2019s siloed firefighting into tomorrow\u2019s collaborative living systems.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Arctic Metagaz was abandoned earlier this month off Libya\u2019s coast after allegedly being attacked by Ukrainian naval drones<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":689932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8237],"tags":[93,72,145,8835,91,9934,132],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-689931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logistics","tag-energy","tag-enterpriseam","tag-logistics","tag-maritime","tag-oil-and-gas","tag-shipping","tag-trade","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"c1172d13-4aab-4d54-91a7-a94331e712ea","order":"8","is_powered_by":false,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg","photo_position":"above","homepage_title":"","full_issue_title":"Why the Arctic Metagaz crisis is a wake-up call for Egypt","related_issue":[689919],"teaser":"The Arctic Metagaz was abandoned earlier this month off Libya\u2019s coast after allegedly being attacked by Ukrainian naval drones"},"yoast_head":"\nEgypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker - EnterpriseAM Egypt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Arctic Metagaz was abandoned earlier this month off Libya\u2019s coast after allegedly being attacked by Ukrainian naval drones\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EnterpriseAM Egypt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-26T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-26T03:53:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"enterpriseam admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"enterpriseam admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"enterpriseam admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/person\/ca597032db7e4db868359c123cec256d\"},\"headline\":\"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-26T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-26T03:53:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\"},\"wordCount\":336,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"energy\",\"EnterpriseAM\",\"logistics\",\"maritime\",\"oil and gas\",\"SHIPPING\",\"trade\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Logistics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\",\"name\":\"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker - EnterpriseAM Egypt\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-26T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-26T03:53:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/\",\"name\":\"EnterpriseAM\",\"description\":\"The State of the Nation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization\",\"name\":\"EnterpriseAM\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ent.news\/internal\/240894.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ent.news\/internal\/240894.svg\",\"caption\":\"EnterpriseAM\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/person\/ca597032db7e4db868359c123cec256d\",\"name\":\"enterpriseam admin\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/enterpriseam.testing.projectsarea.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/author\/enterpriseam\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker - EnterpriseAM Egypt","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker","og_description":"The Arctic Metagaz was abandoned earlier this month off Libya\u2019s coast after allegedly being attacked by Ukrainian naval drones","og_url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/","og_site_name":"EnterpriseAM Egypt","article_published_time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-26T03:53:44+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"enterpriseam admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"enterpriseam admin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/"},"author":{"name":"enterpriseam admin","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/person\/ca597032db7e4db868359c123cec256d"},"headline":"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker","datePublished":"2026-03-26T00:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-26T03:53:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/"},"wordCount":336,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1","keywords":["energy","EnterpriseAM","logistics","maritime","oil and gas","SHIPPING","trade"],"articleSection":["Logistics"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/","url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/","name":"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker - EnterpriseAM Egypt","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1","datePublished":"2026-03-26T00:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-26T03:53:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2026\/03\/26\/egypt-likely-to-dodge-any-direct-environmental-impact-from-adrift-russian-lng-tanker\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Egypt likely to dodge any direct environmental impact from adrift Russian LNG tanker"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/","name":"EnterpriseAM","description":"The State of the Nation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization","name":"EnterpriseAM","url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/internal\/240894.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ent.news\/internal\/240894.svg","caption":"EnterpriseAM"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/person\/ca597032db7e4db868359c123cec256d","name":"enterpriseam admin","sameAs":["http:\/\/enterpriseam.testing.projectsarea.com"],"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/author\/enterpriseam\/"}]}},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"enterpriseam admin","author_link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/author\/enterpriseam\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2026\/3\/1226.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/689931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=689931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/689931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":689967,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/689931\/revisions\/689967"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/689919"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/689932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=689931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=689931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=689931"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=689931"},{"taxonomy":"newspack_spnsrs_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspack_spnsrs_tax?post=689931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}