{"id":675121,"date":"2025-11-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/11\/09\/china-outbound-3-0\/"},"modified":"2025-11-09T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T00:00:00","slug":"china-outbound-3-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/11\/09\/china-outbound-3-0\/","title":{"rendered":"China outbound 3.0"},"content":{"rendered":"

For years, it w<\/strong>as easy to caricature China\u2019s economic footprint in Egypt:<\/strong> Door-to-door saleswomen in residential buildings (\u201cDo you want to buy Chinese products?\u201d) juxtaposed with containers of cheap, low-quality goods. That\u2019s changing: Chinese manufacturers are world-leading, and Beijing\u2019s outward investment model is growing more sophisticated as even local governments now have targets to encourage companies in their areas to expand abroad. <\/p>\n

Egypt\u2019s approach to industrial and investment policy is shifting <\/strong>just as a more sophisticated wave of Chinese capital is hitting our shores. As Investment and Foreign Trade Minister Hassan El Khatib made clear at our EnterpriseAM Egypt Forum last month, Egypt has drawn a firm line between dumping and economic growth. <\/p>\n

What do we want? <\/strong>El Khatib wants Chinese companies to build, hire, and export from here \u2014 with an emphasis on value-added manufacturing, not using Egypt as a backdoor to Western markets. The UAE made the same point last week when it imposed its own anti-dumping measures, declaring it wouldn\u2019t be a transit point for re-exports to Europe or the United States.<\/p>\n

We\u2019re not alone in courting more Chinese investment \u2014 the UAE and Saudi want a share, too. <\/strong>That brought HSBC China Deputy CEO Ed Weeks and a group of senior Chinese bankers on a tour through all three last week to explore the MENA opportunity. We caught up with Weeks in Cairo for a sit-down that revealed a lot of common ground between China\u2019s playbook and Egypt\u2019s new ambitions. <\/p>\n

The moment may be right: Our push to move up the value chain comes as China works to keep alive the post-World War Two system of open trade<\/strong> \u2014 it is, after all, the system on which its entire economy is predicated. With protectionism rising, the key for many Chinese companies is to anchor production networks more deeply in other countries to preserve market access and competitiveness. That drive could help reshape trade corridors across the Arab world.<\/p>\n

From \u201cMade *in* China\u201d to \u201cMade *by* China\u201d: <\/strong>The early 2000s were about China exporting surplus capacity, while the 2010s were about assembly hubs and low-cost factory floors. Today, it\u2019s about what Weeks calls \u201cChina outbound 3.0. It\u2019s about moving beyond in-country manufacturing and processing to a more subtle, more sophisticated approach involving ecosystems and supply chains.\u201d Chinese companies are chasing something more permanent \u2014 integration, technology, and local ecosystems, he says: \u201cIt\u2019s moved from Made in China to Made by China \u2026 Chinese brands not just being cost efficient, but being of value and high quality.\u201d<\/p>\n

Longtime EnterpriseAM readers have seen that evolution from Upper Egypt to Ain Sokhna. <\/strong>Solar PV manufacturers are expanding service capacity rather than just shipping panels. Chinese white-goods makers are producing locally (Haier is already on the ground). Anyone who has driven Cairo\u2019s streets or the Wadi Natrun Highway has seen the boom in Chinese EVs and petrol-powered cars on the road. And a major garment player recently chose Egypt as a base for which to produce for one of the world\u2019s largest sportswear brands. <\/p>\n

Consumer goods are just the beginning:<\/strong> In the Suez Canal Economic Zone, Jushi, one of the world\u2019s largest fiberglass producers, now runs multiple production lines with a capacity of more than 300k tons a year. Sailun Group is building a USD 1 bn tire manufacturing plant that will produce more than 10 mn tires each year, with operations set to begin next year. China Energy has said it will invest USD 1 bn over five years to expand renewable energy, desalination, and energy storage infrastructure. Cairo is its regional hub. GAC Automotive\u2019s president, meanwhile, said the company will invest up to USD 300 mn in a car plant, while Oppo, Midea, and ZTE are all in Egypt. <\/p>\n

(The automotive opportunity is particularly striking: Weeks suggests that while Japanese auto manufacturers produce roughly 70% of their cars outside Japan and the Germans 50%, the comparable figure for China is on the order of just 10-20%. Chinese vehicles, friends, are here to stay.)<\/p>\n

By the numbers: <\/strong>There are more than 2.8k Chinese companies operating in Egypt with investments worth more than USD 8 bn, according to GAFI, covering everything from handsets to heavy industry. <\/p>\n

The key, if you\u2019re Hassan El Khatib: <\/strong>These companies are embedding supply chains and training local workforces as they build ecosystems, not inventory to dump on the local (or other proximal) market. It\u2019s a shift from assembly to industrial-scale production, much of it for export.<\/p>\n

Policy stability and a can-do mentality in many corners of government have made Egypt a lot more attractive to foreign investors <\/strong>\u2014 and, of course, it\u2019s now more cost efficient to manufacture here than it is in Turkey or even India. Todd Wilcox, CEO of HSBC Egypt, says the tide has turned this year: \u201cWe\u2019re getting long-term foreign direct investment now. The one thing about the Chinese clients: When they decide, they go. They move. They don\u2019t kick the tires.\u201d<\/p>\n

Both Weeks and Wilcox give the Madbouly government credit: <\/strong>Industrial zones such as TEDA in Ain Sokhna and the SCZone have matured from vague headlines into real ecosystems. HSBC thinks the SCZone stands out, with some 180 businesses having attracted investment of c. USD 3 bn, creating nearly 10k jobs. And Weeks says the team at TEDA is unusually hands-on \u2014 partners rather than landlords. \u201cThere\u2019s a sense of \u2018guardianship\u2019 to it \u2014 that if you need doors opened or have a problem, they\u2019re there to help you with that.\u201d<\/p>\n

TEDA<\/strong> isn\u2019t alone: <\/strong>GAFI<\/strong> has launched a China desk<\/strong> to smooth communication between investors and regulators. (HSBC also launched a China desk a few years back to support Chinese businesses here and was the first bank in the country to launch RMB transactions in Egypt.)<\/p>\n

Bureaucracy is still a challenge<\/strong>, Wilcox says, but no longer an intractable one. \u201cYou can have the right policy, but the implementation of the policies takes time. There\u2019s no magic wand \u2026 but encouragingly, [officials] are making headway.\u201d <\/p>\n

Wilcox points to tangible pro<\/strong>gress inc<\/strong>luding streamlined customs procedures, faster land allocation, and shorter licensing times.<\/strong> (The progress on customs clearance is impressive: It\u2019s down to 5.8 days so far this year from 14 days \u2014 and El Khatib aims to bring it down to \u201chours,\u201d he told us earlier this month.) <\/p>\n

Policymakers are getting more right than they have in any time since the Nazif era<\/strong>, which saw business leaders and technocrats including Rachid Mohamed Rachid, Mahmoud Mohieldin, Youssef Boutros-Ghali, and others overhauling the bureaucracy. <\/p>\n

The business community, which occasionally seems to like little more than to search for a cloud in a silver lining, is taking notice. <\/strong>\u201cI was recently at an AmCham meeting. More than 20 corporates there \u2014 American, Saudi, Emirati. All around the table, they were positive on Egypt \u2014 really positive on growth, just as they were at the EnterpriseAM event. Everyone is looking forward to a strong 2026 and beyond. We seem to be in a sweet spot right now<\/strong>,\u201d Wilcox said.<\/p>\n

Weeks likes to talk about \u201cChina speed\u201d \u2014 the ability to move from decision to execution almost overnight. <\/strong>\u201cMy colleagues in China talk about it a lot \u2014 you want to do something, people lean in and we get it done fast. I would argue that what I\u2019ve seen here in Egypt suggests there\u2019s been speed here, as well<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

An emerging cultural fit between Egypt\u2019s entrepreneurial streak and China\u2019s execution discipline is part of what\u2019s driving the new corridor.<\/strong> The speed with which land is allocated, factories go up, and exports roll-out would have seemed impossible even three years ago.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe energy, the momentum, the opportunity. It feels like a moment for the region,<\/strong>\u201d adds Weeks, \u201cand for us.\u201d<\/p>\n

And that\u2019s the key: Egypt isn\u2019t the only one of the Big Three MENA players courting Chinese investment <\/strong>\u2014 Saudi and the UAE are looking for pieces, too. <\/p>\n

At stake is an <\/strong>opportunity<\/strong> worth 10s of bns of USD per year: <\/strong>HSBC sees two-way trade between Asia and the Middle East doubling in the coming decade to USD 1.7 tn by 2035, according to HSBC Global Investment Research. There\u2019s plenty of Chinese investment at stake, too: The bank predicts overseas investment flowing out of China to all destinations could rise by over 50% between 2023 and 2028 \u2014 averaging perhaps USD 240 bn per year and hitting a cumulative USD 1.4 tn by the end of that period. Like Egypt, HSBC wants a bigger piece of the pie<\/strong>, which the bank is pursuing through what it calls \u201ccorridor businesses\u201d \u2014 teams that understand both ends of a supply chain and can move capital, advice, and risk management fluidly between them.<\/p>\n

Everyone wants a piece of China, and Chinese companies know it. <\/strong>No longer content to scatter capital across the developing world, Beijing\u2019s companies \u2014 state-backed and private alike \u2014 are targeting geographies that combine access, logistics, and policy predictability. In our corner of the world, that means Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. \u201cOutward direct investment from China is still small relative to the size of its economy, which isn\u2019t surprising, given its relatively short history of international investment \u2014 but the catch-up continues,\u201d Weeks says. <\/p>\n

Egypt\u2019s pitch: location and production.<\/strong> Our comparative advantage lies in our ability to manufacture, not just to trade. We have the Suez Canal linking Asia, Africa, and Europe; we\u2019re cheaper as a base of operations than China, India, or Turkey; and our infrastructure is vastly improved from a decade ago. With interlocking networks of trade agreements (including 10% tariff-free access to the US), Egypt offers Chinese producers an attractive hedge against trade headaches and a launchpad for the export of value-added manufactured goods. A large built-in domestic market doesn\u2019t hurt, either. Egypt is still the only country in the region where Chinese outfits can build \u201cMade in MENA by China\u201d supply chains for export. <\/strong><\/p>\n

A good fit:<\/strong> The sectors El Khatib sees as FDI magnets \u2014 including renewables, automotive manufacturing, textiles, electronics, white goods, pharma, logistics, healthcare, and education \u2014 are all industries \u201cin alignment with the general trends of Chinese outbound investment,\u201d Wilcox notes. \u201cChinese exports to Egypt were about USD 16.8 bn last year. Metals and fertilisers led the way, but the trade mix is now becoming increasingly technology\u2011led and capital\u2011intensive,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n

The UAE\u2019s pitch: connectivity and finance.<\/strong> Dubai and Abu Dhabi want Chinese manufacturers there, sure \u2014 but what they really want is Chinese companies to base their regional headquarters in the UAE. Jebel Ali remains the dominant logistics hub, and the UAE\u2019s free zones offer regulatory clarity that Egypt is still working toward. At the same time, Emirati capital is flowing east: Mubadala and ADQ have increased exposure to China\u2019s renewables and EV supply chains, and Dubai-based DP World is expanding partnerships with Chinese port operators. The UAE is positioning itself as the financial and service centre of the China-MENA corridor \u2014 a Hong Kong to Egypt\u2019s Shenzhen.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Saudi Arabia\u2019s pitch: scale and policy ambition.<\/strong> Riyadh has made China a pillar of its diversification strategy under Vision 2030. The Public Investment Fund has appetite for Chinese electric vehicles, renewables, and semiconductors \u2014 and it\u2019s courting Chinese industrial players to set up in the kingdom\u2019s new economic zones. For Chinese investors, Saudi Arabia offers policy clarity, political stability, and (if foreign investors in public markets come in) deep and robust capital markets \u2014 but higher costs and a more nascent manufacturing ecosystem. Riyadh wants to anchor Chinese industry domestically, not just import its capital.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each plays a different role in China\u2019s \u201cOutbound 3.0\u201d network \u2014 and Beijing appears content to invest in all three<\/strong>, meaning it\u2019s less a zero-sum race than it is about a regional ecosystem: Egypt\u2019s factories feed the UAE\u2019s ports and Saudi\u2019s mega-projects. Emirati and Saudi funds, meanwhile, are investing directly in China, buying stakes in the same companies now setting up shop in Ain Sokhna and Jizan.<\/p>\n

Taking a long view: <\/strong>Weeks has spent nearly two decades in Asia \u2014 he has the last job Wilcox had before the latter moved to Cairo \u2014 and what strikes him most about China is its patience. \u201cWhatever they\u2019re doing, it\u2019s 50 years \u2026 long-term views, not just the quarterly numbers. China is ready to deepen cooperation with Egypt in fields including economic and social construction, the import of more high-quality products, and by encouraging more Chinese enterprises to invest here.\u201d<\/p>\n

That quiet confidence \u2014 of planning in decades, not quarters \u2014 is what Egypt now has to emulate. <\/strong>Policy stability and bureaucratic discipline, not just investor enthusiasm, will determine whether 2026 is a pivot point or another lost opportunity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chinese investors are building in Egypt, not just selling to it \u2014 and HSBC sees tons of room for trade and investment to grow<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":675122,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7279],"tags":[12362,975,72,490,2073,6423,132],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-675121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spotlight","tag-ed-weeks","tag-egypt-china-relations","tag-enterpriseam","tag-hsbc","tag-spotlight","tag-todd-wilcox","tag-trade","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"05794018-6a28-4b60-a32f-d4f50a14f444","order":"6","is_powered_by":false,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2025\/10\/1303.jpg","photo_position":"above","homepage_title":"","full_issue_title":"Chinese companies are getting serious about Egypt \u2014 and so is the rest of the region","related_issue":[675111],"teaser":"Chinese investors are building in Egypt, not just selling to it \u2014 and HSBC sees tons of room for trade and investment to grow","voice_url":"https:\/\/s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/ent.news\/audio\/2025\/11\/.851286dd-289a-4551-b437-66643bbfaece.mp3"},"yoast_head":"\nChina outbound 3.0 - 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