{"id":672344,"date":"2025-09-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/"},"modified":"2025-09-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T00:00:00","slug":"our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/","title":{"rendered":"Our human development progress is under pressure \u2014 but green jobs, digital work, and social protection reforms offer a path forward"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"> <strong>Egypt is str<\/strong><strong>uggling to keep up with the human development needs of its <\/strong><strong>fast-changing economy<\/strong>, according to the World Bank report <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ent.news\/2025\/9\/1022.pdf\" style=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">Embracing and Shaping Change: Human Development for a Middle East and North Africa in Transition (pdf)<\/a>. While the country has improved access to education, healthcare, and social protection in recent years, per-capita spending on these services has declined. Between 2005-2009 and 2020-2023, real human development expenditures per person fell even as GDP grew, with much of government spending diverted toward pensions despite having a youthful population. This left fewer resources for schools and hospitals, limiting investment in the country\u2019s future workforce.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\">(<strong>Tap or click the headline above to read this story with all of the links <\/strong>to our background as well as external sources.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>Egypt is also facing a demographic transition that presents serious challenges. <\/strong>Fertility rates have fallen, while longevity is rising. Meanwhile, the old-age dependency ratio \u2014 calculated as those 65 and over as a share of 15-64-year-olds \u2014 is set to more than double by 2050 in both Egypt and the region as a whole. The projected doubling of the ratio in just a 30-year period follows the ratio in Egypt remaining essentially unchanged in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>People living longer is cause for celebration, but it comes with budgetary pressures. <\/strong>Longer lives need to be accompanied by longer working lives and longer healthy years of life; if not, countries like Egypt face accelerating financial and capacity pressures on pensions systems and healthcare, warns the report. Older populations also require a larger workforce working in healthcare and care, which is complicated by declining birth rates that are shrinking the active workforce in proportion to older Egyptians.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>Climate change also seems to be keeping the writers of the report up at night \u2014 and <\/strong><strong>understandably so.<\/strong> Egypt and the UAE have 15-20% of their populations living in coastal areas vulnerable to sea-level rise. Sea level rises will also come alongside a rise in the scarcity of water suitable for drinking and agriculture. The region is expected to see its GDP suppressed by 6-14% by 2050 on the back of water stress.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>About one third of Egyptians could see their jobs affected by AI <\/strong>\u2014 a comparatively small proportion, according to the report. Of the jobs that will be affected, most are expected to be replaced and not augmented, according to the report.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1.15;orphans:2;widows:2;text-align:left\"><strong>Egypt is emerging as a global leader in digital gig work<\/strong>, supplying around 2% of the global online gig workforce and ranking ninth worldwide. Egypt already leads the region, which collectively accounts for 4% of the global digital workforce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Egypt is struggling to keep up with the human development needs of its fast-changing economy, according to the World Bank report Embracing and Shaping Change: Human Development for a Middle East and North Africa in Transition (pdf). While the country has improved access to education, healthcare, and social protection in recent years, per-capita spending on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":672345,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7206],"tags":[7097,2936,104,73,72,7115,321],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-672344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy","tag-development","tag-digital-economy","tag-economy","tag-education","tag-enterpriseam","tag-healthcare","tag-world-bank","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"73c43f72-1b65-4f7b-b8b2-883786d5c44b","order":"9","is_powered_by":false,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2024\/10\/1034.jpg","photo_position":"above","homepage_title":"","full_issue_title":"Egypt\u2019s human development progress is under pressure \u2014 but green jobs, digital work, and social protection reforms offer a path forward","related_issue":[672329],"teaser":"","voice_url":"https:\/\/s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/ent.news\/audio\/2025\/9\/.422415fc-46c5-40da-8462-7047d8cf12c6.mp3"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Our human development progress is under pressure \u2014 but green jobs, digital work, and social protection reforms offer a path forward - EnterpriseAM Egypt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Our human development progress is under pressure \u2014 but green jobs, digital work, and social protection reforms offer a path forward\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Egypt is struggling to keep up with the human development needs of its fast-changing economy, according to the World Bank report Embracing and Shaping Change: Human Development for a Middle East and North Africa in Transition (pdf). While the country has improved access to education, healthcare, and social protection in recent years, per-capita spending on [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EnterpriseAM Egypt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-23T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2024\/10\/1034.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"enterpriseam admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"enterpriseam admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"enterpriseam admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#\/schema\/person\/ca597032db7e4db868359c123cec256d\"},\"headline\":\"Our human development progress is under pressure \u2014 but green jobs, digital work, and social protection reforms offer a path forward\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-23T00:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/\"},\"wordCount\":449,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2024\/10\/1034.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"development\",\"digital economy\",\"economy\",\"Education\",\"EnterpriseAM\",\"healthcare\",\"World Bank\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2025\/09\/23\/our-human-development-progress-is-under-pressure-but-green-jobs-digital-work-and-social-protection-reforms-offer-a-path-forward\/\",\"name\":\"Our human development progress is under pressure \u2014 but green jobs, digital work, and social protection reforms offer a path forward - 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The World Bank\u2019s forecast marks an upward revision from its April economic update, when it said Egypt\u2019s GDP would grow at a 4.5% clip during\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Economy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Economy","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/economy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/internal\/536550.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":575043,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2020\/09\/30\/social-spending-programs-in-the-middle-east-are-still-lagging-behind-the-em-average\/","url_meta":{"origin":672344,"position":2},"title":"Social spending programs in the Middle East are still lagging behind the EM average","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"30 September 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Social spending programs in the Middle East and Central Asia are still lagging behind the EM average, despite making \u201cnotable progress in recent decades,\u201d which is undermining the region\u2019s human development outcomes, according to an IMF report (pdf). While emerging markets spend an average of 14% of GDP on social\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Speed Round&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Speed Round","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/speed-round\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2020\/9\/330.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":551987,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2022\/08\/03\/the-world-is-falling-behind-on-sdg-commitments\/","url_meta":{"origin":672344,"position":3},"title":"The world is falling behind on SDG commitments","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"3 August 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The world is lagging behind in its commitment to sustainable development goals. The world is struggling to make headway fulfilling the sustainable development goals agreed to by UN member states in 2015, and in the past two years progress has gone into reverse as health and security emergencies weigh on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Macro picture&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Macro picture","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/explainers\/macro-picture\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2022\/8\/489.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":557994,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2021\/09\/16\/a-bumper-egypt-human-development-report-2021-reminds-us-how-far-weve-come-in-ten-years\/","url_meta":{"origin":672344,"position":4},"title":"A bumper Egypt Human Development Report 2021 reminds us how far we\u2019ve come in ten years","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"16 September 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A bumper Egypt Human Development Report 2021 reminds us how far we\u2019ve come in ten years: The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) published on Tuesday its Egypt Human Development Report 2021 (pdf), after a ten year gap from our last Human Development Report in 2010, the UNDP website notes. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;THE MACRO PICTURE&quot;","block_context":{"text":"THE MACRO PICTURE","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/the-macro-picture\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2021\/9\/528.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":560001,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2021\/02\/11\/eu-lays-out-its-new-strategy-for-the-southmed-and-that-includes-egypt\/","url_meta":{"origin":672344,"position":5},"title":"EU lays out its new strategy for the SouthMed \u2014 and that includes Egypt","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"11 February 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Water, public transit and a green economy will become the focus of the European Commission\u2019s support to Egypt under its new agenda for the Southern Mediterranean region (pdf), which was announced yesterday. The commission has allocated up to EUR 7 bn in direct funding in addition to an estimated EUR\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;DEVELOPMENT&quot;","block_context":{"text":"DEVELOPMENT","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/development\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2021\/2\/186.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=672344"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672344\/revisions"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/672329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/672345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=672344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=672344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=672344"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=672344"},{"taxonomy":"newspack_spnsrs_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspack_spnsrs_tax?post=672344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}