{"id":611540,"date":"2023-12-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2023\/12\/07\/where-are-the-women-thinkers-a-brief-history-of-why-women-were-excluded-from-philosophy\/"},"modified":"2023-12-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T00:00:00","slug":"where-are-the-women-thinkers-a-brief-history-of-why-women-were-excluded-from-philosophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2023\/12\/07\/where-are-the-women-thinkers-a-brief-history-of-why-women-were-excluded-from-philosophy\/","title":{"rendered":"Where are the women thinkers? A brief history of why women were excluded from philosophy"},"content":{"rendered":"

The history of Western philosophy has, for the most part, been a narrative <\/strong>overwhelmingly shaped by male figures.<\/strong> Recently, this has prompted a critical examination of the discipline\u2019s commitment to addressing what are ostensibly universal human concerns and biases. Experts have come to the conclusion that not only has philosophy as a discipline excluded women, but that it has been shaped by the exclusion of women.<\/p>\n

This observation becomes even more shocking considering that women have, <\/strong>throughout history, actively engaged in philosophy, <\/strong>even earning admiration \u2014 sometimes credit \u2014 from their male contemporaries. <\/p>\n

So where are they?<\/strong> Women philosophers have been and continue to be relegated to a secondary status, prompting a need to explore the reasons behind this apparent undervaluing of their contributions.<\/p>\n

The good news is that philosophy isn\u2019t just an ancient thing, and current events have <\/strong>renewed<\/a><\/strong> interest in the subject<\/strong>, expanding the once firmly established canon of philosophical thinkers. <\/p>\n

That also means that new questions are being explored:<\/strong>While scholars are actively revising the canon and shedding light on overlooked thinkers, fresh eyes are raising new questions about philosophical values, and constructing fresh narratives that offer a more contemporary understanding of intellectual developments throughout history. <\/p>\n

One question that keeps popping up is philosophical in its own right:<\/strong> Is the historical exclusion of women thinkers a symptom of enduring biases, or are enduring biases a symptom of the exclusion of women thinkers? What came first, the chicken or the egg?<\/p>\n

Women in the past faced different options for disseminating their ideas compared to their <\/strong>male counterparts.<\/strong> Not all women published philosophical treatises during their lifetimes, though that didn\u2019t mean that they didn\u2019t participate in it. Many of their ideas reside in unconventional forms such as unpublished manuscripts, correspondence, diaries, or poetry.<\/p>\n

The content of women's philosophical thought also often addressed <\/strong>issues that were dismissed as \u201cunphilosophical\u201d by 19th-century projects involved in canon formation.<\/strong> These included ethical issues related to domestic life, specifically family dynamics and gender roles. Male philosophers saw these topics as too specific or practical, considering it outside of \u201cserious\u201d or \u201csystematic\u201d philosophy that dealt with more abstract or existential issues.<\/p>\n

Other themes explored by women philosophers pertained to social and political activism<\/strong> \u2014 a topic ignored by philosophy as a whole, moral and emotional education \u2014 specifically the role of emotions in ethical decision-making, and personal identity \u2014 seen as diverging from more abstract and impersonal than traditional philosophical dialogue.<\/p>\n

It is partially an issue of subjectivity versus objectivity. <\/strong>An interesting observation made by Anne J. Jacobson<\/a>, emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, surmised<\/a> that women find that personal experience made one more suitable to address a topic, and men felt that personal experience made a person\u2019s opinion invalid.<\/p>\n

In recent decades, scholars in different fields have actively broadened their curricula <\/strong>through the inclusion of previously neglected works by women<\/strong>. But in the philosophical realm, the stereotypical figure of the bearded sage dominates the historical narrative, reinforcing the perception of philosophy as a subject largely shaped by male perspectives.<\/p>\n

The<\/strong> underrepresentation of women in philosophy still persists.<\/strong>While over 58%<\/a> of undergraduate students today are women, they make up only 30%<\/a> of those who earn both bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s degrees in philosophy. Today, only 20%<\/a> of professors of philosophy \u2014 who hold a PhD \u2014 are women. The field\u2019s slow evolution is even more disparate compared to other fields<\/a> that have undergone transformative changes in the 1970s and 1980s.<\/p>\n

The<\/strong>first edition<\/strong> of The Norton Introduction to Philosophy is a possibly too on-the-nose example<\/strong>. The 1.2k-page textbook<\/a> contains no historical writings<\/a> by women. This absence represents the institutionalized exclusion of women from the canon. Even the scientific field<\/a>, notorious for overlooking women<\/a>, has become more inclusive of women scientists\u2019 contribution and appealing to women newcomers.<\/p>\n

This exclusion not only perpetuates a belief that women\u2019s cultural history is non-existent <\/strong>but also downplays the pivotal roles<\/a> women have played in shaping modern philosophical ideas. <\/p>\n

The voices of women who fought during the French Revolution, like <\/strong>Olympe de Gouges<\/a><\/strong>, <\/strong>and those who engaged in philosophical discourse throughout history have often been marginalized or overlooked.<\/p>\n

Even<\/strong> within the European tradition, the prevailing patriarchal narrative continues to<\/strong> marginalize the role of women in cultural history.<\/strong>Critics argue<\/a> that a history of women\u2019s ideas cannot be recovered due to historical exclusion from schools and universities. <\/p>\n

Wise<\/strong> women. <\/strong>However, historical evidence<\/a> does exist to challenge this notion. For example, Jakob Brucker, a philosopher contemporary of 1745, included female thinkers in his comprehensive history of philosophy, asserting<\/a> that \u201cwise women have existed across various cultures.\u201d<\/p>\n

Efforts<\/strong> to broaden the curriculum and acknowledge the contributions of women<\/strong> philosophers face considerable challenges. <\/strong>The absence of an institutionalized history for women\u2019s ideas not only hampers the dissemination of knowledge but also perpetuates a gender imbalance in academic philosophy. The early presence of women philosophers, such as Hipparchia of Maroneia<\/a>, Arete of Cyrene<\/a>, and Aspasia of Miletus<\/a>, challenges the narrative that women were historically excluded from philosophical discourse.<\/p>\n

But<\/strong> there is hope. <\/strong>While historical philosophers have been neglected and denied the credit they deserve for shaping philosophy to what it is today, the inclusion in the philosophical Western canon has gained momentum in the 20th and 21st centuries. Figures like Susanne Langer<\/a>, G.E.M. Anscombe<\/a>, Hannah Arendt<\/a>, and Simone de Beauvoir<\/a> have started to find a place in the canon.<\/p>\n

A crucial aspect of addressing these issues involves acknowledging and correcting <\/strong>historical biases<\/strong>, recognizing the valuable contributions of women philosophers, and fostering a more accurate representation of philosophy's heritage to create a more equitable and comprehensive understanding of the discipline.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Philosophy has historically been shaped by the exclusion of women<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":611541,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8344],"tags":[633,2694,412,11846,11590],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-611540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-enterprisepm","tag-feminism","tag-history","tag-philosophy","tag-women","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"a130ed2f-e43b-4d86-b224-c3616db7276f","is_powered_by":false,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2023\/12\/528.jpg","photo_position":"above","homepage_title":"","full_issue_title":"Where are the women thinkers? 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Even if you\u2019re not a gamer, you\u2019ve probably heard of League of Legends, the wildly popular multiplayer battle game whose tournaments attract some of the biggest viewerships\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "ENTERPRISE RECOMMENDS"","block_context":{"text":"ENTERPRISE RECOMMENDS","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/enterprise-recommends-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2021\/11\/165.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":596405,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/08\/27\/its-the-story-of-space-travel-but-not-as-we-know-it-jim\/","url_meta":{"origin":611540,"position":3},"title":"It\u2019s the story of space travel, but not as we know it, Jim","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"27 August 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"It\u2019s the story of space travel, but not as we know it, Jim. A group of women who trained in secret to become astronauts in 1961 narrowly missed out on going into space because of gender bias. The Mercury 13, female aviators who took the same grueling physical endurance tests\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Worth Listening"","block_context":{"text":"Worth Listening","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/worth-listening\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2019\/8\/2484.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":584901,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2023\/04\/07\/an-immersive-take-on-existential-topics-history-and-science\/","url_meta":{"origin":611540,"position":4},"title":"An immersive take on existential topics, history and science","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"7 April 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"They say that the more you learn, the more you realize how much you don\u2019t know, and Radiolabtakes it upon themselves to drive that point home.Radiolab is a long-running podcast that explores a wide range of topics, from science and technology to philosophy and culture. Hosts Jad Abumrad and Robert\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "WHAT TO LISTEN TO"","block_context":{"text":"WHAT TO LISTEN TO","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/what-to-listen-to\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/internal\/536550.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":571658,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2020\/05\/19\/could-aztec-kings-have-advice-to-present-day-leaders-to-manage-pandemics\/","url_meta":{"origin":611540,"position":5},"title":"Could Aztec kings have advice to present day leaders to manage pandemics?","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"19 May 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"A number of our current leaders could do with listening to some Aztec advice for handling pandemics: Turns out the Aztec empire that occupied present-day Mexico throughout much of the second millennium had a handbook for responding to plagues and epidemics, says Zocalo Public Square. The Aztecs ended up succumbing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "ON YOUR WAY OUT"","block_context":{"text":"ON YOUR WAY OUT","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/on-your-way-out\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/internal\/536550.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=611540"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611540\/revisions"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/afternoon\/611524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/611541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=611540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=611540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=611540"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=611540"},{"taxonomy":"newspack_spnsrs_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspack_spnsrs_tax?post=611540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}