{"id":602884,"date":"2019-04-09T03:47:10","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T03:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/04\/09\/modern-monetary-theory-an-explainer\/"},"modified":"2019-04-09T03:47:10","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T03:47:10","slug":"modern-monetary-theory-an-explainer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/04\/09\/modern-monetary-theory-an-explainer\/","title":{"rendered":"Modern Monetary Theory: An explainer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"content-anchor\" id=\"tldr-story-07\"><\/a> <b>Modern monetary theory: An explainer.<\/b> Modern monetary theory (MMT) has been getting a lot of attention in the global financial press as of late. The unorthodox set of policy prescriptions gaining traction among Democratic candidates in the US presidential election have been roundly denounced by Keynesians and neoliberals alike. Over the past month though, a debate has arisen in the press about the pros and cons of using MMT\u2019s assumptions to structure a new approach to monetary policy. The theory, which has traditionally derived most of its support from left-leaning politicians, is now beginning to find supporters on Wall Street, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/05\/business\/economy\/mmt-wall-street.html\">according to the New York Times<\/a><\/u>. And Paul Krugman, a long-time MMT skeptic, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/02\/12\/opinion\/whats-wrong-with-functional-finance-wonkish.html\">admitted recently<\/a><\/u> that \u201cpolicy debates over the next couple of years will be at least somewhat affected by the doctrine of MMT.\u201d For all our readers who aren\u2019t theory-junkies, we\u2019re giving you the low-down on MMT, explaining how it differs from conventional thinking.<\/p>\n<p><b>The house that Milton built:<\/b> The established economic theory across much of the developed world emphasizes the need to lower government deficits, restrict public spending and keep macroeconomic decisions out of the hands of elected officials. Control of the money supply rests in the hands of an independent central bank, which sets interest rates accordingly. This approach, brought into the mainstream in the 1970s by Nobel laureate Milton Friedman and his Chicago School acolytes, is what many refer to (sometimes pejoratively) as neoliberalism.<\/p>\n<p><b>MMT would do away with all of this.<\/b> Proponents argue that the power to issue currency should be placed in government hands. The monopoly power to issue currency, they say, means that the state is always able to spend money, regardless of how big the budget deficit gets. While that disregard for public debt gets most mainstream economists seeing red, MMT theorists point to Japan (whose debt-to-GDP ratio is at <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/datamapper\/GGXWDG_NGDP@WEO\/OEMDC\/ADVEC\/WEOWORLD\/JPN\">an eye-watering 236.6%<\/a><\/u>) to suggest that governments are able to deficit spend at a far greater level than we suspect. And the potential for runaway inflation? Government should combine preemptive tax increases with tighter financial and credit regulations to hold down prices, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/ftalphaville.ft.com\/2019\/03\/01\/1551434402000\/An-MMT-response-on-what-causes-inflation\/\">MMT theorists say<\/a><\/u>.<\/p>\n<p><b>This probably sounds like monetary policy branded with the hammer and sickle,<\/b> but Wall Street analysts are responding positively to elements of the MMT program. Goldman chief economist Jan Hatzius <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-04-08\/goldman-sees-mmt-positives-as-economists-debate-who-buys-lunch\">highlighted the fact<\/a><\/u> that private debt, rather than public debt, has been responsible for recent financial crises, stating that he is \u201cmore reassured by the US private sector surplus than concerned by the public sector deficit.\u201d Meanwhile Steve Englander, Standard Chartered\u2019s FX chief, suggested that MMT \u201cwould be more effective in raising inflation expectations and nominal rates than other proposals that central banks are now considering.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>Stay tuned tomorrow when we look at how MMT could impact emerging markets.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern monetary theory: An explainer. Modern monetary theory (MMT) has been getting a lot of attention in the global financial press as of late. The unorthodox set of policy prescriptions gaining traction among Democratic candidates in the US presidential election have been roundly denounced by Keynesians and neoliberals alike. Over the past month though, a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":602885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9272],"tags":[72,182,349,724,1510],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-602884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-macro-picture","tag-enterpriseam","tag-inflation","tag-interest-rates","tag-monetary-policy","tag-the-macro-picture","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"ccaed6d5-2441-4acb-9ff2-27e2d9aa059e","is_powered_by":true,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2021\/6\/328.jpg","photo_position":"above","related_issue":[602867],"teaser":"","voice_url":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Modern Monetary Theory: An explainer - EnterpriseAM Egypt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/04\/09\/modern-monetary-theory-an-explainer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modern Monetary Theory: An explainer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Modern monetary theory: An explainer. 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In yesterday\u2019s issue we gave a short explainer for modern monetary theory (MMT) \u2014 an alternative approach to monetary policy that is growing in popularity in the US. How applicable is it to emerging markets though? Its detractors would say that, even if\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Worth Listening&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Worth Listening","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/worth-listening\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2019\/2\/EM-currencies-web.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":606386,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2023\/09\/14\/deficits-and-debts-decoded-by-economist-stephanie-kelton\/","url_meta":{"origin":602884,"position":1},"title":"Deficits and debts, decoded by economist Stephanie Kelton","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"14 September 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"? 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The Deficit Myth by economist Stephanie Kelton challenges conventional wisdom when it comes to government deficits and debt, exploring how MMT impacts the economy, the ins and outs of fiscal policy, and the role of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;ENTERPRISE RECOMMENDS&quot;","block_context":{"text":"ENTERPRISE RECOMMENDS","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/enterprise-recommends-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/internal\/536550.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":596270,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/08\/22\/monetary-easing-wont-solve-the-worlds-trade-problems-imf\/","url_meta":{"origin":602884,"position":2},"title":"Monetary easing won\u2019t solve the world\u2019s trade problems -IMF","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"22 August 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Monetary easing won\u2019t solve the world\u2019s trade problems -IMF: The global trend towards monetary easing risks harming trading partners and aggravating existing trade tensions, the IMF has said. 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This was the key takeaway from an interview on Al Kahera Wal Nas with Mubarak-era finance\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;THE MACRO PICTURE&quot;","block_context":{"text":"THE MACRO PICTURE","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/the-macro-picture\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2020\/7\/77.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":593962,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/10\/15\/world-entering-synchronized-stagnation-say-ft-brookings\/","url_meta":{"origin":602884,"position":4},"title":"World entering \u201csynchronized stagnation,\u201d say FT, Brookings","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"15 October 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"World entering \u201csynchronized stagnation,\u201d say FT, Brookings: The global economy is heading into so-called \u201csynchronized stagnation\u201d as growth stalls in advanced economies and flatlines in emerging markets, according to an index created by US think tank the Brookings Institution and the Financial Times. The Tracking Index for the Global Economic\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;THE MACRO PICTURE&quot;","block_context":{"text":"THE MACRO PICTURE","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/the-macro-picture\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2019\/10\/2447.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":596789,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2019\/07\/08\/why-investors-are-abandoning-triple-c-debt-an-explainer\/","url_meta":{"origin":602884,"position":5},"title":"Why investors are abandoning triple-C debt: An explainer","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"8 July 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"During recessions, investors tend to shy away from triple-C debt. Sounds like a no-brainer, right? Not quite. Monetary policy makers tend to respond to recessions with rate cuts, which set the stage for a trend that makes corporate borrowers much better equipped to repay their debt. With the Fed feeling\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Worth watching&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Worth watching","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/lifestyle\/worth-watching\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2019\/7\/897.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/602884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=602884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/602884\/revisions"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue\/602867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/602885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=602884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=602884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=602884"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=602884"},{"taxonomy":"newspack_spnsrs_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspack_spnsrs_tax?post=602884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}