{"id":564408,"date":"2021-08-30T13:23:56","date_gmt":"2021-08-30T13:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2021\/08\/30\/honey-i-shrunk-the-fauna\/"},"modified":"2021-08-30T13:23:56","modified_gmt":"2021-08-30T13:23:56","slug":"honey-i-shrunk-the-fauna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2021\/08\/30\/honey-i-shrunk-the-fauna\/","title":{"rendered":"Honey, I shrunk the fauna"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a> Climate change has induced animal miniaturization:<\/strong> A claim that sounds just plain weird. But, unfortunately it\u2019s true; animals around the globe have been getting smaller, and climate change is the culprit, according to this Vox clip (watch, runtime: 3:40<\/a>). Birds, turtles, fish and frogs are just a few of the animals that have shrunk in size. Over time, this could have dire consequences on our world\u2019s finely tuned ecosystems, leading some species to go extinct.<\/p>\n

Wait, what\u2019s the link between climate change and animals shrinking?<\/strong> Apparently, smaller bodies cool down faster, and larger animals are better able to conserve heat according to Bergmann\u2019s rule<\/a>. Articulated by Carl Bergmann in 1847, the theory posits that smaller and larger animals have differing \u201ctemperature budgets,\u201d with animals more likely to be larger in colder climates.<\/p>\n

This isn\u2019t the first time this has happened:<\/strong> So called \u201cmammalian dwarfing\u201d was observed during a major global warming event 56 mn years ago known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), and again 53 mn years ago, according to this 2017 study<\/a>. During the PETM, the size of some animals \u2014 the study singled out early ancestors of horses \u2014 decreased by as much as 30%. The study concludes that \u201cdwarfing appears to be a common evolutionary response of some mammals during past global warming events, and the extent of dwarfing seems related to the magnitude of the event.\u201d<\/p>\n

The phenomenon has also been observed more recently<\/strong>, this time with birds: According to a 2019 study<\/a> of migratory birds collected over four decades and housed in Chicago\u2019s Field\u2019s Museum, the birds\u2019 body size had decreased over time, while their wingspan has increased to compensate for their smaller bodies being less energy efficient for migration.<\/p>\n

So how have animals adapted to survive? <\/strong>Animals adapt to their surroundings, that\u2019s what keeps them alive. So when rising temperatures change their environments, species modify some of their characteristics to survive. They do that thanks to two distinct processes; selection pressure and developmental plasticity.<\/p>\n

Selection pressure<\/a><\/strong> refers to characteristics being passed down from one generation to the next because they are more advantageous to survival. In this case, smaller animals will survive longer and are more likely to reproduce than their larger counterparts, creating a new generation of smaller animals overall.<\/p>\n

Developmental plasticity<\/a><\/strong> refers to changes that occur in an animal\u2019s lifetime that are not passed down to future generations. This process especially impacts cold-blooded animals (i.e. animals that don\u2019t conserve body temperature but regulate it through their environment) such as reptiles and amphibians because they are less affected by Bergmann\u2019s rule. For instance, a frog\u2019s metabolism gets faster when it\u2019s hotter, so it goes through all of its developmental stages faster. But because its rate of growth doesn\u2019t change, the frog becomes smaller when it reaches adulthood.<\/p>\n

So what\u2019s the big fuss if animals are in fact getting smaller?<\/strong> On the surface, it seems like a trivial issue, but it could wreak havoc on ecosystems and lead to the extinction of dozens of species. For instance, smaller prey means predators would have to hunt a larger number of them, potentially dwindling the populations of certain species over time. Smaller animals also can\u2019t bear as many offspring, which could set back the sizes of animal populations to begin with.<\/p>\n

But surely the animals will just adapt as they always have? <\/strong>One hopes so, yes, but we\u2019re actually warming the planet at an unprecedented rate that is estimated to be 10 times faster than average warming following ice ages, meaning species that are not able to put their evolutionary adaptation into turbo mode could end up dying out. 2020 and 2016 are the warmest years on record since we began keeping records in 1880, according to NASA data<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Our take: <\/strong>Smaller animals are probably cute; less so if they\u2019re all dead. The effects of climate change on our fauna and flora are still not fully understood, and shrinking organisms is just one bizarre side effect of our continued pushing of earth\u2019s temperatures through the roof.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Climate change has induced animal miniaturization: A claim that sounds just plain weird. But, unfortunately it\u2019s true; animals around the globe have been getting smaller, and climate change is the culprit, according to this Vox clip (watch, runtime: 3:40). Birds, turtles, fish and frogs are just a few of the animals that have shrunk in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":564409,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9603],"tags":[147,633,7125],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-564408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change","tag-climate-change","tag-enterprisepm","tag-environment","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"9dcda6ec-82db-405f-8899-66450a8b11ca","is_powered_by":true,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2021\/8\/556.jpg","photo_position":"above","related_issue":[564399],"teaser":"","voice_url":""},"yoast_head":"\nHoney, I shrunk the fauna - EnterpriseAM Egypt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2021\/08\/30\/honey-i-shrunk-the-fauna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Honey, I shrunk the fauna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate change has induced animal miniaturization: A claim that sounds just plain weird. 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Swiss biotechnology start-up Mootral, for instance, has developed garlic-infused pellets which\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "FOR YOUR COMMUTE"","block_context":{"text":"FOR YOUR COMMUTE","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/for-your-commute\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2021\/10\/373.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":543163,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2022\/01\/12\/weather-disasters-cost-the-world-usd-170-bn-in-2021-what-should-we-do-to-avoid-the-same-in-2022\/","url_meta":{"origin":564408,"position":3},"title":"Weather disasters cost the world USD 170 bn in 2021 \u2014 what should we do to avoid the same in 2022?","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"12 January 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The ten most destructive climate events of 2021 cost the world USD 170 bn in damages, according to a study from UK charity Christian Aid. Last year marks the fourth time in five years that extreme weather events have cost the world over USD 100 bn \u2014 and we can\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Climate"","block_context":{"text":"Climate","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/industries\/climate\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2022\/1\/437.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":624929,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2018\/09\/23\/global-warming-threatens-gabal-elba-protectorate\/","url_meta":{"origin":564408,"position":4},"title":"Global warming threatens Gabal Elba protectorate","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"23 September 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"**#10 Global warming is taking a toll on biodiversity at Gabal Elba, a protectorate in Egypt\u2019s Halayeb border area that is only accessible with permission from intelligence services, Jihad Abaza writes for The National. \u201cMany plants are now incapable of surviving in their original locations, and fewer plants mean less\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Image of the Day"","block_context":{"text":"Image of the Day","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/image-of-the-day\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2018\/9\/1345.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":553324,"url":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/2022\/08\/05\/all-the-beach-reads-you-need\/","url_meta":{"origin":564408,"position":5},"title":"All the beach reads you need","author":"enterpriseam admin","date":"5 August 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Summer reads: Whether you\u2019re holed up at home or off on a coastal vacation, a book by your side can keep you company or set you off on a new journey. Here\u2019s a look at some of the reading material we rate this summer.Build: An unorthodox guide to making things\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "BOOKS"","block_context":{"text":"BOOKS","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/category\/books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ent.news\/2022\/8\/470.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/564408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=564408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/564408\/revisions"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/afternoon\/564399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/564409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=564408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=564408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=564408"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=564408"},{"taxonomy":"newspack_spnsrs_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/egypt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspack_spnsrs_tax?post=564408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}