{"id":76158,"date":"2023-02-22T02:00:03","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T02:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2023\/02\/22\/interest-is-growing-in-green-hydrogen-powered-steel-production-and-mena-could-play-a-leading-role\/"},"modified":"2023-02-22T02:00:03","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T02:00:03","slug":"interest-is-growing-in-green-hydrogen-powered-steel-production-and-mena-could-play-a-leading-role","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2023\/02\/22\/interest-is-growing-in-green-hydrogen-powered-steel-production-and-mena-could-play-a-leading-role\/","title":{"rendered":"Interest is growing in green hydrogen-powered steel production \u2014 and MENA could play a leading role"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"content-anchor\" id=\"tldr-story-03\"><\/a> <strong>As Europe races to decarbonize its steel industry, MENA could be poised to <\/strong><strong>lead <\/strong><strong>in \u201cgreen\u201d steel production: <\/strong>Europe\u2019s steel players face big choices between now and 2030 on whether to invest in renewing heavily-polluting infrastructure or switch to carbon-cutting production processes, as they work to make good on decarbonization pledges, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-64538296\">the BBC<\/a> noted last week. Several emissions-reduction options <a href=\"https:\/\/worldsteel.org\/publications\/policy-papers\/climate-change-policy-paper\/\">are available<\/a>, including retrofitting plants with carbon capture tech and using biomass as a substitute for coal. But the only way to produce zero-emission steel is to use green hydrogen, multiple <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/sp\/green-steel-decarbonising-with-hydrogen-fueled-production\/#:~:text=The%20green%20steel%20method%20instead,C)%2C%20saving%20energy%20costs.\">stakeholders argue<\/a>. For MENA, this opens up chances to become a green steel hub.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MENA has recently been identified as a hotspot for \u201cgreenifying\u201d the industry: <\/strong>MENA could lead the world in \u201cgreen\u201d steel production, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/ent.news\/2023\/1\/957.pdf\">report (pdf)<\/a> last year by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). By 2035, Egypt could produce some 45 mn tons of green steel annually while the North-West African hub of Morocco and Mauritania could produce some 30 mn tons per year, under a hypothetical scenario put forward by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eib.org\/attachments\/press\/africa-green-hydrogen-flyer.pdf\">recent research (pdf)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Steel is one of the world\u2019s three highest-emitting materials, alongside aluminum and <\/strong><strong>cement:<\/strong> Steelmaking <a href=\"https:\/\/worldsteel.org\/publications\/policy-papers\/climate-change-policy-paper\/\">was responsible<\/a> for some 7-9% of the world\u2019s carbon emissions in 2020. This is due to the use of high-carbon coking coal as a fuel source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reliance-foundry.com\/blog\/how-is-steel-made\">to heat<\/a> iron ore pellets at very high temperatures <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/sp\/green-steel-decarbonising-with-hydrogen-fueled-production\/#:~:text=The%20green%20steel%20method%20instead,C)%2C%20saving%20energy%20costs.\">and liquify<\/a> the pure iron \u2014 a process known as coal-fuelled blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF). As of 2019, some 71% of global crude steel production used BF-BOF, according to data <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/data-and-statistics\/charts\/global-crude-steel-production-by-process-route-and-scenario-2019-2050\">cited by the IEA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why does MENA have a green steel advantage? Because production is already <\/strong><strong>dominated by a lower-emissions process \u2014 using <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgrid.com\/stories\/energy-explained\/hydrogen-colour-spectrum#:~:text=Grey%20hydrogen%20is%20created%20from,gases%20made%20in%20the%20process.\">grey hydrogen<\/a><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>The main steel production process used in MENA \u2014 Direct Reduced Iron-Electric Arc Furnace (DRI-EAF) technology \u2014 involves using carbon monoxide and natgas-derived hydrogen to turn iron ore into iron, the IEEFA report notes. MENA\u2019s steel industry accounted for <a href=\"https:\/\/spectra.mhi.com\/decarbonizing-materials-menas-green-exports-potential\">nearly half<\/a> of global DRI-EAF production in 2021 \u2014 in part, because of our abundance of gas, the report notes. The process <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonchain.com\/blog\/understand-your-steel-emissions#:~:text=The%20DRI%2BEAF%20process%20is,an%20average%20of%202.2%20tCOe\">emits an average<\/a> of 1.2 tons of CO2 equivalent (tCOe) per ton of steel produced compared to BF-BOF\u2019s 2.2 tCOe\/ ton of steel produced, according to data-driven climate tech platform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonchain.com\/about\">Carbon Chain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>With<\/strong><strong> green<\/strong><strong> hydrogen, emissions could plummet further:<\/strong> Substituting grey hydrogen for green using electric arc furnaces powered by renewable energy could make the DRI-EAF process zero-emissions, <a href=\"https:\/\/ieefa.org\/articles\/mena-region-can-lead-global-steel-decarbonisation-investment-green-hydrogen-and-renewable\">according to<\/a> IEEFA report author Soroush Basirat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MENA could immediately begin shifting towards green hydrogen use: <\/strong>It could be possible to swap 30% of the natgas currently used with green hydrogen in direct reduction plants without any major equipment modifications as a first step towards using 100% green hydrogen to produce zero-CO2 emissions steel, the IEEFA report tells us. MENA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/climate\/en\/news\/story\/4af59b33-218b-47e9-85f4-7fc1ff336991\">strong overall potential<\/a> for green hydrogen development is another key advantage for the region when it comes to leading green steel production, it adds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>And it would be less costly for us than for other regions: <\/strong>\u201cMENA\u2019s existing DRI-EAF capacity means no extra investment is needed for replacing the base technology. All new investment could be focused on expanding production of green hydrogen among other renewables,\u201d the IEEFA report notes. For most economies \u2014 which use primarily coking coal-reliant BF-BOF technology \u2014 the cost of shifting to green hydrogen-powered steel production would be \u201cprohibitively high,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-01-24\/steelmaking-breakthrough-could-save-money-and-emissions\">Bloomberg<\/a> tells us.<\/p>\n<p><strong>We can see Europe embarking on a green steel push:<\/strong> Last week, the European Commission (EC) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/eu-approves-55-mln-euros-german-aid-for-arcelormittal-green-steel-plant\">approved EUR 55 mn<\/a> in German state aid to support ArcelorMittal's plans to build a steel production plant powered by green hydrogen. The EC also <a href=\"https:\/\/esgnews.com\/eu-commission-approves-e460-million-to-support-arcelormittal-decarbonise-its-steel-production\/\">approved a EUR 460 mn<\/a> direct grant to support ArcelorMittal Espa\u00f1a\u2019s plans to build an iron plant largely based on clean hydrogen use. And Swedish startup H2 Green Steel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.h2greensteel.com\/\">is targeting<\/a> the production of 5 mn tons of green steel every year by 2030, with plans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-64538296\">to roll out<\/a> its first commercial batches of the material by 2025.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The GCC has its own green steel plans: <\/strong>Oman\u2019s Jindal Shadeed Iron and Steel (JSIS) <a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/climate\/en\/news\/story\/de020ce5-e050-4e69-abd2-3a40e1df1ad8\">plans to set up<\/a> a USD 3 bn green steel plant targeting 5 mn tons of steel annually by 2026. Some 30-40% of this would be for consumption in Oman and the GCC, with the rest earmarked for export to the Middle East, Europe and Japan. The UAE\u2019s Emirates Steel Arkan <a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/climate\/en\/news\/story\/a1a4b0f8-0acb-4106-9395-81be478d0947\">plans to partner<\/a> with two Japanese firms to look at setting up an iron ore processing facility in Abu Dhabi that could be partly powered by green hydrogen, due to begin production in 2H 2025. And Saudi Arabia is reportedly <a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/climate\/en\/news\/story\/0fa368ec-492b-4384-8e92-79005346d836\">looking to invest<\/a> some USD 266 bn in a host of green hydrogen-focused areas \u2014 including the creation of industrial centers for green steel and aluminum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As Europe races to decarbonize its steel industry, MENA could be poised to lead in \u201cgreen\u201d steel production: Europe\u2019s steel players face big choices between now and 2030 on whether to invest in renewing heavily-polluting infrastructure or switch to carbon-cutting production processes, as they work to make good on decarbonization pledges, the BBC noted last [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":76159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[471],"tags":[155,11,39,193,55],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-76158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-green-steel","tag-emissions","tag-enterpriseclimate","tag-green-hydrogen","tag-green-steel","tag-mena","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"06f84b25-91df-4fd8-aa39-3ba2b8442b5c","is_powered_by":true,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2023\/2\/699.jpg","photo_position":"above","related_issue":[76149],"teaser":"","voice_url":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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