{"id":74011,"date":"2022-09-20T01:59:36","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T01:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2022\/09\/20\/who-does-what-egypts-climate-czar-mahmoud-mohieldin-on-the-role-of-the-private-sector-and-government-in-addressing-climate-change\/"},"modified":"2022-09-20T01:59:36","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T01:59:36","slug":"who-does-what-egypts-climate-czar-mahmoud-mohieldin-on-the-role-of-the-private-sector-and-government-in-addressing-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2022\/09\/20\/who-does-what-egypts-climate-czar-mahmoud-mohieldin-on-the-role-of-the-private-sector-and-government-in-addressing-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Who does what? Egypt's climate czar Mahmoud Mohieldin on the role of the private sector and government in addressing climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a id=\"tldr-story-01\" class=\"content-anchor\"><\/a> <strong>Rich countries have barely made a dent in the USD 100 bn per year <\/strong><strong>they\u2019ve<\/strong><strong> promised emerging markets to help address climate change. And the real price tag? It\u2019s in the USD tns<\/strong>, says UN High-level Climate Champion for Egypt Mahmoud Mohieldin. With so much still left to do, the big questions are: How do we tackle the funding gap? And whose responsibility is it to fix: Government or the private sector?<\/p>\n<p><strong>In this second part of our talk, Mohieldin tackles the hard questions on climate finance:<\/strong> from the role of the private sector (and mid-sized business in particular) vs the role of governments \u2014 and the eternal to climate debt vs investment debate. He also gives us a sneak preview on what to expect during COP27.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Did you miss part one of our talk?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.news\/climate\/en\/news\/story\/95e5d7e3-db69-4e6e-a81c-d28c4eef1ec6\">Tap or click here to read it.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>KEY TAKEAWAYS-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The private sector is best-positioned to lead on \u201cmitigation\u201d <\/strong>(cutting our collective carbon footprint) <strong>while governments need to lead on \u201cadaptation\u201d <\/strong>(tackling the fallout, including the washing away of coastal areas and how to keep cities liveable);<\/li>\n<li><strong>More debt is not the answer <\/strong>\u2014 developed economies need to invest in mitigation and adaptation across emerging markets;<\/li>\n<li><strong>COP27 is just the beginning <\/strong>\u2014 Mohieldin will work through COP28 with whoever the UAE presidency appoints as its champion;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohieldin provides a day-by-day overview of what you can expect <\/strong>if you\u2019re attending COP for the first time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE: What\u2019s the role of the private sector versus that of the state in plugging the financing gap? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: With the climate gaps being in the USD tns \u2014 not USD bns \u2014 the private sector isn\u2019t the singular answer, but it has a big role.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Business more or less knows its way on how to engage in mitigation, decarbonization, solar projects<\/strong> \u2014 like Benban in Egypt or Ouarzazate in Morocco. Private businesses are investing in wind farms, and in the case of Egypt, in green hydrogen and ammonia. <strong>Those are all private-public partnerships <\/strong>(PPPs)<strong>.<\/strong> And I\u2019m saying \u201cprivate\u201d first in PPPs because the private sector brings the technology and the finance while the public sector provides land and the regulatory framework.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE: Does the private sector have a role to play in adaptation? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: I think it\u2019s struggling there. What are the commercial benefits?<\/strong> They\u2019re not as clear in all aspects of the adaptation work. Businesses exist to turn a profit. Responsibly, sure. But a profit. So if you look at the nexus of energy, water, food and agriculture, I think you can see room for the private sector to do nicely on adaptation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE: So what about the state? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: Well, that\u2019s the elephant in the room. <\/strong>Public finance in developing economies is responsible for a huge part of the climate action agenda, especially in adaptation, and also in mitigation, where we see all of this investment in solar, wind and green hydrogen. That\u2019s either public or through PPPs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I would say that mitigation needs really to be given more to the private sector to lead<\/strong>, domestic and foreign, under the regulatory framework of the public sector with some room for development finance institutions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>But adaptation is mainly the responsibility of state budgets.<\/strong> My argument here is that we need state budgets in developing countries to be fully aligned with the principles of sustainability \u2014 at a minimum. This then needs to progress to a shadow budget for sustainability or, on a great day, an SDG or sustainability-linked budget that includes infrastructure, health, education, resilience, governance. Anybody who benefits from the state budget should be aligned with the sustainable development goal (SDG) priorities for the current challenges and for the future.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE: You spoke earlier about the need to do all of this without adding to debt\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: Absolutely. More than 60% of finance for climate action is coming from debt instruments. <\/strong>I\u2019m concerned that just c. 12-13% of this debt-based finance is concessional. In a world that faces a variety of debt challenges, with the rising cost of investment and with rising interest rates. We need debt-reduction mechanisms and <strong>the emphasis instead needs to be on investment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Look, it\u2019s not fair to ask countries that were not responsible for the deterioration of the climate to borrow commercially.<\/strong> I\u2019ve been saying this for years, and the simple reality is that today countries of the developing world are one of three things: Those with a debt management problem; those with a debt management crisis; and those with a debt management catastrophe. The reality is that debt issues can be handled and there are technical and innovative solutions to do that. So what I\u2019m saying is: Don\u2019t add to the problem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE: What does debt reduction look like? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: Debt reduction mechanisms include, of course, debt swaps.<\/strong> There is a new generation of debt swaps, and I\u2019m happy these will be discussed at our COP27 finance day. Not just linked to projects, but linked to KPIs. The new idea is to link debt reduction to your <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs\/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs\">nationally-determined contributions (NDCs)<\/a>. So that will take care of the problem of low and high transaction costs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Then there\u2019s the creation of carbon markets.<\/strong> I\u2019m happy that Egypt is working closely with African entities, the LSE and in the Singapore Stock exchange to build a carbon market tailored to the needs and priorities of developing economies. This will benefit from some of the most advanced carbon markets in the world, which happen to be now in Europe. We need to benefit from the experience of Europe not just to \u201ccarbon copy,\u201d if you will, the structure of the carbon market, but to be more innovative and tailor it to African needs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE- You recently <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/News\/472172.aspx\">wrote a piece<\/a><\/strong><strong> about greenwashing and the argument, advanced by <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2022\/07\/21\/esg-should-be-boiled-down-to-one-simple-measure-emissions\">the Economist<\/a><\/strong><strong>, that ESG needs to be boiled down just to emissions. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: The debate about ESG funding and concerns about greenwashing are important, but that doesn\u2019t mean you throw the baby out with the bath water.<\/strong> First, saying ESG won\u2019t save the planet is reductionist. And second, there is a <a href=\"https:\/\/press.un.org\/en\/2020\/sga2109.doc.htm\">lot of work to be done<\/a> under the ESG umbrella to bring industry and finance and regulators to engage in meaningful talks. That\u2019s how you get the private sector lined up \u2014 ESG is at the center of that.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE- Are business leaders in Egypt behind when it comes to thinking of climate compared to, say, those of other MENA countries? To European countries? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: We are where we are. It\u2019s about three things here: First, the extent of knowledge and exposure in the business community.<\/strong> How many times have they attended relevant big meetings and conferences? For many business leaders and heads of mid-sized enterprises, this will be the first COP they ever attend in person \u2014 and perhaps even the first COP they follow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Secondly, it\u2019s about the incentive structure. <\/strong>To what extent does the law and regulatory framework of the financial sector encourage the business community and the financial services industry to take climate seriously? At the end, <strong>business responds to carrots and sticks<\/strong> \u2014 everywhere, not just in Egypt or the Middle East.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Third, it\u2019s about the personal convictions of business leaders that it is possible to do well and do good at the same time.<\/strong> This needs to go beyond CSR, and beyond intermittent contributions to society. It\u2019s about factoring sustainability into your business and your supply chain. And incentives will not just come from within the borders of the country. Incentives will matter massively to your ability to export, where global markets care about your carbon footprint, about how you are conducting and financing your business.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I was in discussions with some of the leading business and finance players in Egypt, <\/strong>including heads of the federations of the banks and of industry, and the chamber of commerce. We talked about the potential and the possible missed chances if everyone \u2014 not just them as leaders, but everyone \u2014 in the community doesn\u2019t get involved.<\/p>\n<p>People like that are exposed to thinking on climate action because of their positions, their travel, their attendance of meetings and conferences. But it\u2019s about reaching out to everyone else to get them involved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I think it\u2019s important to remember that mid-sized enterprises are always ignored in discussions<\/strong>, and not just in Egypt. The large players and the SMEs get all the attention, but the mid-sized businesses? They\u2019re the creators of jobs and they\u2019re the great exporters of the future. To address this problem, we\u2019re doing a competition across 27 governorates based on six categories: large, midsized, small \/ micro (related to the decent life initiative), women-led, startups, and community-based projects. We\u2019ll have a multi-month competition to pick the smartest and greenest of these businesses \u2014 we\u2019re picking three of each type. So country-wide, you\u2019ll see 18 companies taken to Sharm El Sheikh. This is about creating the basis of a governorate-level investment map.<\/p>\n<p><strong>We\u2019ll be doing this competition every year<\/strong> to promote knowledge sharing with lots of investment in training the trainers, with a new digital presence to help educate the community going forward.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ENTERPRISE: So what will COP27 be like from the point of view of an Egyptian CEO attending for the first time? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MM: This is a summit, the 27th in a series, as the name suggests. It is not a conference. Your readers need to mark their agendas from 6-18 November and then select the meetings and events that they\u2019re most interested in attending<\/strong>, that are most relevant to them. There are many events that are open and others that are invite only. They need to register and they need to select the sessions that matter to them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The world leaders\u2019 summit takes place 7-8 November<\/strong>, so people will need to arrive on 5 or 6 November. At the leaders\u2019 summit, you\u2019ll hear from heads of state and government \u2014 presidents and prime ministers and also from the UNFCCC and others in the UN system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Then the fun begins.<\/strong> There are two types of events: COP27 presidency events and then organized climate action events (<a href=\"https:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/presidency\/events\">scroll to the bottom of the page here<\/a> for the calendar). The thematic days will be generally very interactive:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Finance day<\/strong> on 9 November \u2014 we;ve talked a lot today about climate finance;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Science, youth and future generations day<\/strong> on 10 November;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Decarbonization day<\/strong> on 11 November, and there\u2019s lots to discuss here, from energy and mobility to steel, cement and building materials \u2014 there is a lot of innovation happening here that should be of interest to your readers;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adaptation and agriculture day<\/strong> takes place on 12 November;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gender and water day <\/strong>will take place on 14 November;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Energy and civil society day <\/strong>is 15 November \u2014 you can expect energy to get a lot of attention, for obvious reasons;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biodiversity day<\/strong> is 16 November, and that\u2019s also the day we\u2019ll focus on the transportation sector;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Human settlement and solutions day <\/strong>is 17 November, and that\u2019s when we discuss sustainable cities, green buildings and resilient infrastructures and more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What all of these days and discussions have in common is that the focus is primarily on implementation.<\/strong> It\u2019s about putting in place the data systems we need. It\u2019s about leadership at all levels. And it\u2019s definitely about finance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rich countries have barely made a dent in the USD 100 bn per year they\u2019ve promised emerging markets to help address climate change. And the real price tag? It\u2019s in the USD tns, says UN High-level Climate Champion for Egypt Mahmoud Mohieldin. With so much still left to do, the big questions are: How do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74012,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[577],"tags":[662,362,659,11,864,664,223],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-74011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsmakers","tag-climate","tag-climate-policy","tag-cop27","tag-enterpriseclimate","tag-mahmoud-mohieldin","tag-newsmakers","tag-sustainability","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"0698eac3-ac68-4421-914b-d5579693e634","is_powered_by":true,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2022\/8\/MahmoudMohieldin_ethiopia1_1600px.jpg","photo_position":"above","related_issue":[74007],"teaser":"","voice_url":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Who does what? Egypt&#039;s climate czar Mahmoud Mohieldin on the role of the private sector and government in addressing climate change - Climate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2022\/09\/20\/who-does-what-egypts-climate-czar-mahmoud-mohieldin-on-the-role-of-the-private-sector-and-government-in-addressing-climate-change\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who does what? Egypt&#039;s climate czar Mahmoud Mohieldin on the role of the private sector and government in addressing climate change\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rich countries have barely made a dent in the USD 100 bn per year they\u2019ve promised emerging markets to help address climate change. And the real price tag? 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