{"id":73945,"date":"2022-09-14T02:13:37","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T02:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2022\/09\/14\/does-mena-have-its-head-in-the-clouds-when-it-comes-to-cloud-seeding\/"},"modified":"2022-09-14T02:13:37","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T02:13:37","slug":"does-mena-have-its-head-in-the-clouds-when-it-comes-to-cloud-seeding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2022\/09\/14\/does-mena-have-its-head-in-the-clouds-when-it-comes-to-cloud-seeding\/","title":{"rendered":"Does MENA have its head in the clouds when it comes to cloud seeding?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"content-anchor\" id=\"tldr-story-02\"><\/a> <strong>The GCC is banking on cloud seeding one of the solutions to climate <\/strong><strong>change. But <\/strong><strong>questions remain about efficacy and ethics: <\/strong>The UAE <a href=\"https:\/\/wired.me\/technology\/cloud-seeding-in-the-uae-gets-an-ai-boost\/\">has started developing<\/a> artificial intelligence (AI) for use in its cloud seeding program, heralding a new level of precision in tech that\u2019s being hailed as an answer to our global water scarcity woes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fastcompanyme.com\/news\/uae-to-enhance-rainfall-using-ai-model-for-cloud-seeding\/\">By using<\/a> an algorithm to cross reference historical weather data with current satellite reports and generate predictions about precipitation, scientists hope to effectively assess whether there\u2019s enough humidity for cloud seeding operations to be successful.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SOUND SMART- What, exactly, is cloud seeding?<\/strong> Cloud seeding literally trying to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dri.edu\/cloud-seeding-program\/what-is-cloud-seeding\/\">make it rain or snow<\/a>. For it to work, you need to put substances that help water molecules stick together (like silver iodide) into clouds \u2014 either by spraying it from a plan or shooting it up from earth. Programs in China and the US <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/looking-skies-growing-interest-cloud-seeding-technology-gulf#:~:text=Results%20from%20operational%20cloud%20seeding,the%20limited%20efficacy%20of%20seeding\">show precipitation can increase as much as 10-30%<\/a> when it works.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In MENA \u2014 where water scarcity is an existential threat \u2014 solutions on the water security front can\u2019t come quickly enough.<\/strong> MENA <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2022\/02\/24\/cascading-climate-effects-in-middle-east-and-north-africa-adapting-through-inclusive-governance-pub-86510\">is projected<\/a> to be one of the first regions to \u201ceffectively run out of water.\u201d The UAE sees \u201csparse and inconsistent\u201d rainfall, averaging some 140\u2013200 mm per year, the <a href=\"https:\/\/climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org\/country\/united-arab-emirates\/climate-data-historical\">World Bank tells us<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This isn\u2019t the UAE\u2019s first cloud seeding rodeo: <\/strong>The UAE has run a cloud seeding program for the last <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4433\/12\/8\/1013\/htm#B9-atmosphere-12-01013\">two decades<\/a>, but efforts accelerated in 2015, when it set up a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uaerep.ae\/\">research center<\/a> to support new tech developments in the field. The center <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/looking-skies-growing-interest-cloud-seeding-technology-gulf#:~:text=Results%20from%20operational%20cloud%20seeding,the%20limited%20efficacy%20of%20seeding\">has funded<\/a> 11 projects, including one focused on the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nano.gov\/nanotech-101\/what\/nano-size\">nanotechnology<\/a> to develop cloud seeding materials \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/03\/28\/1048275\/scientists-advance-cloud-seeding-capabilities-with-nanotechnology\/\">also intended<\/a> to improve cloud seeding efficiency. The AI project was financed through a USD 1.5 mn grant this year.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Other countries in the region are following suit: <\/strong>Saudi Arabia launched the first phase of its cloud seeding program <a href=\"https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/gulf\/2022\/04\/27\/Saudi-Arabia-s-first-cloud-seeding-mission-launched-over-three-cities#:~:text=The%20cloud%20seeding%20program%20is%20part%20of%20the%20larger%20Middle,water%20sources%20and%20minimize%20desertification\">in April<\/a> this year and the second <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/business\/energy\/second-phase-of-cloud-seeding-program-begins-in-taif-al-baha-asir-and-jazan-regions-yghe76vx\">in early August<\/a>. Kuwait said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kuwaittimes.com\/cloud-seeding-kuwait-soon\/\">in 2016<\/a> it would launch a cloud seeding program \u201csoon.\u201d And both Egypt and Ethiopia are <a href=\"https:\/\/enterprise.press\/stories\/2021\/06\/01\/is-manipulating-the-weather-an-answer-to-water-scarcity-42499\/\">mulling<\/a> whether cloud seeding could work for them. Still, the UAE is \u201cthe unquestioned regional leader\u201d in cloud seeding, the New York Times <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/08\/28\/world\/middleeast\/cloud-seeding-mideast-water-emirates.html\">reported recently<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>But cloud seeding remains a controversial practice \u2014 not least because the jury\u2019s still out on just how effective it actually is. <\/strong>\u201cThe results of about 70 years of research into the effectiveness of cloud seeding are mixed,\u201d atmospheric scientist William Cotton <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/cloud-seeding-might-not-be-as-promising-as-drought-troubled-states-hope-177233\">noted recently<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>No one knows how much snow we can really get from SNOWIE:<\/strong> A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1917204117#sec-1\">2020 study<\/a> based on an experiment called \u201cUS SNOWIE\u201d offered \u201cunambiguous\u201d evidence that cloud seeding <a href=\"https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/can-cloud-seeding-help-quench-the-thirst-of-the-u.s.-west\">can work<\/a> when conditions int he sky are just right. The catch is that we still don\u2019t have a great understanding of how much water we can produce from it, the study\u2019s lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/can-cloud-seeding-help-quench-the-thirst-of-the-u.s.-west\">said recently<\/a>. And there are practical limitations: It\u2019s \u201cwidely acknowledged that cloud seeding is least likely to be effective during drought conditions, as clouds don\u2019t have moisture to release,\u201d notes a <a href=\"https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2022\/08\/dodging-silver-bullets-how-cloud-seeding-could-go-wrong\/\">recent article<\/a> in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Other unanswered questions: What\u2019s the environmental impact of forcing clouds to rain? <\/strong>Cloud seeding could be linked to a number of extreme weather incidents, including severe flooding in the UK and UAE and a blizzard in China, the Bulletin article notes. Questions have also been raised about whether silver iodide \u2014 which <a href=\"https:\/\/journalofweathermodification.org\/index.php\/JWM\/article\/view\/178\">appears to be<\/a> toxic to aquatic life \u2014 may cause long-term damage to people or the environment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the end, silver iodide is no silver bullet: <\/strong>\u201cThe promise of creating rain is highly appealing in the face of increasing <a href=\"https:\/\/report.ipcc.ch\/ar6wg2\/pdf\/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf\">water shortages (pdf)<\/a> and disruptions to water cycles exacerbated by climate change,\u201d notes the Bulletin article. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/mar\/23\/us-stated-cloud-seeding-weather-modification\">experts stress<\/a> it\u2019s no catch-all, quick-fix solution \u2014 most importantly because it doesn\u2019t solve the systemic causes of drought.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The GCC is banking on cloud seeding one of the solutions to climate change. But questions remain about efficacy and ethics: The UAE has started developing artificial intelligence (AI) for use in its cloud seeding program, heralding a new level of precision in tech that\u2019s being hailed as an answer to our global water scarcity [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73946,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_primary_brand":0,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[694],"tags":[325,251,11,95,831,159,52,697],"brand":[],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"class_list":["post-73945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-greentech-corner","tag-ai","tag-cloud-seeding","tag-enterpriseclimate","tag-green-tech","tag-rainfall","tag-saudi-arabia","tag-uae","tag-water","wpautop","entry"],"acf":{"mongo_id":"562bb03f-ccef-40ce-ba4a-f1955edf0800","is_powered_by":true,"story_type":"1","photo_url":"https:\/\/ent.news\/2022\/9\/4650.png","photo_position":"above","related_issue":[73937],"teaser":"","voice_url":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Does MENA have its head in the clouds when it comes to cloud seeding? - Climate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/enterpriseam.com\/climate\/2022\/09\/14\/does-mena-have-its-head-in-the-clouds-when-it-comes-to-cloud-seeding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Does MENA have its head in the clouds when it comes to cloud seeding?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The GCC is banking on cloud seeding one of the solutions to climate change. 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